Câu điều kiện (Conditional Sentences)

CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN: (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)
1. Các loại câu điều kiện thông thường
a)Loại 1 : Câu điều kiện có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại: 
If + S + V + O, S + will/can/may + V + O
 	 Ex: If he comes here, I will go with him
 b) Loại 2 : Câu ĐK không có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại: 
If + S + were/V+O,S +would +V + O
 Ex: If I had one million dollar, I would buy a big house in the city
c) Loại 3: Câu điều kiện không có khả năng xảy ra ở quá khứ (có ý hối tiếc)
If + S + had + PII + O, S + would have + PII + O
 Ex: If I had gone out with her last night, she would not have felt very sad
2. Câu điều kiện đảo ngữ: 
a) Loại 1: should + S + V + O, S + will + V + O
 Ex: should you arrive at the office earlier than I do please, turn on the air-conditioner.
b) Loại 2: were + S+ to + V + O, S + would + V + O
 Ex: The car breaks down so often because you don’t take good care of it 
-> If you took good care of the car, it wouldn’t break down so often
c) Loại 3: had + S + PII , S + would have + PII + O
hoặc: Were + S + to have + PII + O, S + would have + PII
 Ex: He died so young, otherwise he would be a famous musician by now
 -> If he hadn’t died so young, he would have been a famous musician. 
 -> Had he not died, he would 
 3. Câu điều kiện biến thể: 
 a) Type zero (không theo cấu trúc): 
 If + S + (V) + O, S + (V) + O (chỉ sự luôn luôn đúng). 
Ex: If you put a paper into the flame, it burns at once
b) Mixed conditional (hỗn hợp): 
If + S + had + PII, S + would + V + O (mong hđ QK và kq ở HT trái ngược lại)
 Ex: If he hadn’t robbed the bank, he wouldnot be in prison now.
c) Unless = trừ khi = If  not 
 Ex: If he works hard, he will pass the exam
 Unless he works hard, he will not pass the exam
d) provided that/providing that = so long as/as long as (miễn là) = If
 Ex: + provided that you finish your homework, you will be allowed to go out
+ so long as you pay money ontime, I will lend you some
e) what if /supposing (giả sử, giả dụ) = If 
Ex: what if he doesn’t come what will we do?
f) Other wise (nếu không thì)
- Câu loại 1: He helps me other wise I can’t go to school
- Câu loại 2: S + Ve/es + O + other wise + S + would + V + O
 Ex: He pays my fee other wise I would not study here.
-> If he didn’t pay my fee, I would not study here
- Câu loại 3: S + V+ O + other wise + S + would have + PII
g) But for + danh từ/V-ing (nếu không) 
 But for that + S + (V) + O, S + (will) 
h) incase (trong trường hợp). 
Ex: you should bring your rain coat incase it rains.
i) or (hoặc): 
Ex: please be quicker or you will be late for school.