Giáo án Tiếng Anh 11 - Unit 9: The post office

 none, little...” được dùng như đại từ.
 Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.
 All that is mine is yours./ These walls are all that are remains of the city.
- Sau các tính từ so sánh hơn nhất, các từ chỉ thứ tự : only, first, last, second, next
 Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I’ve ever had.
 - You are the only person that can help us.
Trong cấu trúc : It + be +  + that  (chính là )
	It is/was not until + time/clause + that(mãi tới khi.thì)
 Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.
 It was not until 1990 that she became a member of the team.
- Sau cụm từ vừa chỉ người và vật, bắt buộc dùng “that”: 
 Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.
	We can see the farmers and their cattle that are going to the field.
- Trong cấu trúc : It be . that . (có thể dùng WHO khi chủ ngữ Hoặc tân ngữ đứng giữa “It be N / O that .” chỉ người
+ Những trường hợp không dùng THAT:
 - Trong mệnh đề tính từ không hạn định.
 Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher. (sai)
 - Sau giới từ. 
 Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale. (sai)
5. WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho các danh từ có tính từ sở hữu đi kèm (his-, her-, its-, their-). 
*Các từ chỉ số lượng như (quantifiers): All of, None of, each of, most of, many of, neither of, the majority of => có thể dùng với WHICH / WHOM/ WHOSE trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định:
 Ex: - Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers.
 à Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
 - He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them.
à He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer
She has a teddy- bear. Both of its eyes are brown.
=> She has a teddy-bear, both of whose eyes are brown.
 *Lưu ý về mệnh đề quan hệ:
1. Giới từ có thể đứng trước Whom và which.
- in formal written style: prep + which/ whom Eg:The man about whom you are talking is my brother.
- in informal style: giới từ thường đứng sau động từ:The man whom you are talking about is my brother.
Chú ý: Khi ĐTQH làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và giới từ đứng sau động từ trong mệnh đề thì ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ. 
	Eg: The picture (which) you are looking at is very expensive.	
Nhưng khi giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ thì ta không thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ:
 Eg: The picture at which you are looking is very expensive.
2. Giới từ không dùng trước That và Who:
3. Khi động từ trong mệnh đề là Phrasal verbs: không được chuyển giới từ lên trước ĐTQH whom /which:
	Eg: Did you find the word which you were looking up? 
	 The child whom I have looked after for a year is very naughty.
 The man whom you are looking forward to is the chairman of the company. 
4. Without luôn đứng trước whom/ which:
	Eg: The woman without whom I can’t live is Jane.
	Fortunately we had a map without which we would have got lost.
5. Các đại từ quan hệ có chức năng tân ngữ ( mà trước chúng không có giới từ ) trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định đều có thể lược bỏ. Tuy nhiên trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thì không thể lược bỏ.
	Eg: That’s the house (which) I have bought.
	 The woman (whom) you met yesterday works in advertising.(làm nghề quảng cáo)
	Eg: Mr Tom, whom everybody suspected, turned out to be innocent.
II. Phó từ quan hệ (Relative Adverbs) 
1. WHERE: thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc thay cho (in/ at / on ... which), there / here.
 Ex: - The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place. 
 à The movie theater is the place where we can see films.
 at which 
2. WHEN:thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian hoặc thay cho (in/ on/at... which), then
 Ex: - Do you remember the day. We first met on that day. 
 à Do you remember the day when/on which we first met?
3. WHY (for which): thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do. 
 Ex: - Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.	 
 à Tell me the reason why/for which you are so sad. 
 *Note: 
“Where” có thể được sử dụng mà không cần cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn.	
Eg: Put it where we all can see it.
 Không sử dụng giới từ trước “Where, When, Why”.
	Eg: The building in where he lives/ where he lives in is very old. (sai)
	 => The building in which he lives is very old.
III. CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (Defining & Non-Defining relative clauses) 
1. Defining Relative Clauses: 
Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước chưa được xác định rõ, nếu bỏ đi thì mệnh đề chính sẽ không rõ nghĩa. (modify the antecedent which is unclear in meaning)
 Ex: - I saw the girl. She helped us last week. 
 à I saw the girl who/that helped us last week. 
LƯU Ý: Ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT khi chúng làm tân ngữ trong MĐQH hạn định. 
2. Non-Defining Relative Clauses: 
- Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đã được xác định rõ (nó chỉ là phần giải thích thêm), nếu bỏ đi thì mệnh đề chính vẫn rõ nghĩa (modify the antecedent which is clear in meaning, so it’s just an extra information). 
- Mệnh đề này ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy (use commas to separate with main clause) . 
Ta dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định khi: 
+ Trước đại từ quan hệ có: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/+ N
+ Từ trước đại từ quan hệ là tên riêng, danh từ riêng, vật duy nhất. 
 Ex: - My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old. 
 à My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor. 
 - Mr. Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him. 
 à Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher. 
 - The sun made the traveler thirsty. It was hot at midday.
 à The Sun, which was hot at midday, made the traveler thirsty. 
* LƯU Ý: + KHÔNG được bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong MĐQH không hạn định.
 + Không dùng THAT trong mệnh đề này.
B. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
Điều kiện: Khi đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ, trước ĐTQH không có giới từ.
1. Dùng phân từ: 
a. Dùng hiện tại phân từ (present participle) : V-ing -> Khi V trong MĐ ở dạng chủ động
 Eg: + The man who is standing there is my brother.
 => The man standing there is my brother
 + Bill, who wanted to make an impression on Ann, invited her to his house.
=> Bill, wanting to make an impression on Ann, invited her to his house.
* Notes: Không nên dùng HTPT để diễn đạt hành động đơn trong quá khứ.
Eg: + The police wanted to interview the people who saw the accident.
 => The police wanted to interview the people seeing the accident. (không nên)
But: + The people who saw the accident had to report it to the police.
 => The people seeing the accident had to report it to the police.
b) Dùng quá khứ phân từ ( Past participle): Ved/3 Khi V trong MĐ ở dạng bị động
 Eg: + The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
=> The boy injured in the accident.
+ Most of the goods that are made in this factory are exported.
=> Most of the goods made in this factory are exported.
+ Some of the people who have been invited to the party can’t come.
=> Some of the people invited to the party can’t come.
 2) Dùng cụm to inf: (To V/ For sb to V / to be + PII... ) (2)
-Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các từ sau đây : The ONLY, LAST, FIRST, NEXT, SECOND...
 Ex: + This is the only student who can solve the problem. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động)
 => This is the only student to solve the problem.
 + She is the youngest player who won the game.
=> She is the youngest player to win the game.
- ĐTQH là tân ngữ trong mệnh đề, khi muốn diễn đạt mục đích, sự cho phép. 
 Ex: + The children need a big yard which they can play in.
 => The children need a big yard to play in.
-Câu bắt đầu bằng: HERE (BE), THERE (BE)
 Ex: + Here is the form that you must fill in.
 => Here is the form for you to fill in.
+ There are six letters which have to be written today. (động từ mang nghĩa bị động)
 There are six letters to be written today.
GHI NHỚ : Trong phần to-inf này cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
- Nếu chủ ngữ của 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì dùng for sb +to V.
 Ex: + We have some picture books that children can read.
 => We have some picture books for children to read.
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ ngữ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone.... thì có thể không cần ghi ra.
 Ex: + Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about. 
 => Studying abroad is the wonderful thing (for us) to think about.
- Nếu trước relative pronouns có giới từ thì phải đưa giới từ xuống cuối câu.
 Ex: + We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
 => We have a peg to hang our coat on.
3) Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ/ ngữ đồng vị )
Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng:
	Which/ Who+ BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ / CỤM GIỚI TỪ/ TÍNH TỪ (3)
Cách làm: bỏ who, which và be 
Ex: Vo Nguyen Giap, who was the first general of Vietnam, passed away one week ago.
=> VNG, the first general of Vietnam, passed away one week ago.
Ex: We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain.
=> We visited Barcelona, a city in northern Spain.
PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI LOẠI RÚT GỌN MĐQH:
Bước 1 : - Tìm xem mệnh đề quan hệ nằm ở đâu. 
Bước 2: Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm danh từ.
1. Nhìn xem mệnh đề có công thức S + BE + CỤM DANH TỪ không ?Nếu có áp dụng công thức (3).
2. Nếu không có công thức đó thì xem tiếp trước ĐTQH có các dấu hiệu the first ,only, second, third..../so sánh hơn nhất, nếu có thì áp dụng công thức (2). Lưu ý thêm, xem 2 chủ ngữ có khác nhau không ( để dùng for sb+ V )
3. Nếu không có 2 trường hợp trên mới xét xem câu đó chủ động hay bị động mà dùng V-ing hay Ved/3.
* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Choose the best answer.
1. Sunday is the day..........I go to Water park with my kids.
A. when	B. where	C. why	D. which
2. That was the reason..........he didn't marry her.
A. when	B. where	C. why	D. which
3. An architect is someone..........deigns buildings.
A. who	B. whom	C. which	D. whose
4. The boy to..........I lent my money is poor.
A. who	B. whom	C. which	D. that
5. The land and the people..........I have met are nice.
A. who	B. whom	C. which	D. that
6. I can answer the question ..........you say is very difficult.
A. which	B. who	C. whom	D. whose
7. This is the place..........the battle took place ten years ago.
A. which	B. in where	C. where	D. from where
8. Sunday is the day..........which we usually go fishing.
A. during	B. at	C. in	D. on
9. This is the last time..........I speak to you.
A. of which	B. whose	C. that	D. which
10. He talked about the books and the authors..........interested him.
 	A. who	B. that	C. which	D. whom
11. Bondi is the beautiful beach..........I used to sunbathe.
A. when	B. where	C. which	D. why
12. Dec 26th, 05 was the day..........the terrible tsunami happened.
A. when	B. where	C. which	D. why
13. The woman..........lives next my door is doctor.
A. who	B. whom	C. which	D. whose
14. The boy..........Mary likes is my son.
A. who	B. whom	C. which	D. whose
15. The boy..........eyes are brown is my son.
A. who	B. whom	C. which	D. whose
16. The table..........legs are broken should be repaired.
A. who	B. whom	C. which	D. whose
17. The town..........we are living is noisy and crowded
A. where	B. in where	C. which	D. at which
18. The year..........we came to live here was 1997
 	A. when	B. which	C. that	D. in the time
19. The worker..........house is next to mine died this morning.
A. whose	B. whom	C. which	D. whose
20. The lady..........son went on a picnic with us last weekend is a teacher at our school.
A. who	B. whom	C. whose	D. that
21. Take..........measures you consider best.
A. whatever	B. however	C. whenever	D. wherever
22. ..........difficulties you may encounter, I'm sure you'll succeed.
A. how	B. whatever	C. however	D. how great
23. He is the only friend..........I like.
A. who	B. whom	C. that	D. whose
24. I didn't get the job..........which I applied.
A. in	B. on	C. at	D. for
25. The man..........whom she is married has been married twice before.
A. in	B. on	C. at	D. to
26. I wasn't interested in the things..........which they were talking.
A. in	B. on	C. at	D. about
27. The bed..........which I slept was too soft.
A. in	B. on	C. at	D. for
28. The party..........which we went wasn't very enjoyable.
A. in	B. on	C. at	D. to
29. The flight..........which we wanted to travel was fully booked.
A. in	B. on	C. at	D. for
30. She is the most beautiful girl..........ever lived.
 	A. which	B. whom	C. whose	D. that
31. The decision was postponed,..........was exactly what he wanted.
A. who	B. whom	C. which	D. that
32. All the people..........have gone into the room are still young.
A. which	B. whom	C. whose	D. that
33. Jack has three brothers, all of..........are married.
A. who	B. whom	C. which	D. that
34. They gave us a lot of information, most of..........was useless.
A. who	B. whom	C. which	D. that
35. There were a lot of people at the party, only a few of..........I had met before.
A. who	B. whom	C. them	D. that
36. . I have sent him two letters, neither of..........has arrived.
 	A. who	B. them	C. which	D. that
37. John won $,600, half of..........he gave to his parents.
 	A. whom	B. which	C. that	D. it
38. Ten people applied for the job, none of..........were suitable.
A. who	B. whom	C. them	D. that
39. Jill isn't on the phone,..........makes it difficult to contact her.
A. which	B. that	C. who	D. it
40. Bob is the kind of person to..........one can talk about anything.
A. who	B. whom	C. that	D. him
41. He is a person..........friends trust him.
A. who	B. whose	C. his	D. that
42. Your career should focus on a field in................you are genuinely interested.
A. which	B. what	C. that	D. why
43. People..........outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people.
A. whose	B. whom	C. that	D. which
44. Anna’s marriage has been arranged by her family. She is marrying a man.
 A. that she hardly knows him 	B. whom she hardly knows him 
	 C. she hardly knows 	D. she hardly knows him 
45. They said they didn't have any money, ..........was a pity.
A. which	B. that	C. this	D. it
46. I haven't got a passport...........means I can't leave my country.
A. it	B. that	C. this	D. which 
47. The part of town where I live is very noisy at night,..........makes it difficult to sleep.
A. which	B. where	C. that	D. this
48. That is the place..........the accident occurred.
A. where	B. which	C. on which	D. that
49. The boys . tennis over there are my new neighbor.
	A. who plays	B. playing	C. that playing	D. are playing
50. He read the Old Man and The Sea, a novel .by Ernest Hemingway.
	A. writing	B. which written	C. written	D. that wrote
ERROR IDENTIFICATION
There are about 500 species of poisonous snakes, 200 of them are harmful to man.
 A	 B C 	 D
The electric cooker who is wrapped in the box is made of steel.
 A	 B C D
The legal age which a person is considered to be an adult is customarily 18.
 A	 B	 C	 D
The gardener used the scissors which he had bought them from a village shop to cut the flowers.
 A	 B	 C	 D
The area with the greatest number of thunderstorms each year is the interior of the Florida 
	 A	 B	 C	
peninsula, which the Atlantic and Gulf airstreams meet.
	 D
Aloha is a Hawaiian word meaning ‘love’, that can be used to say hello or goodbye.
 A	 B	 C	 D
People whose exercise frequently have greater physical endurance than those who doesn't.
 A	 B	 C	 D
I have always wanted to visit Paris, that is the capital of France.
 A	 B C	 D
Shakespeare, who works are famous all over the world, was an English writer.
 A	 B	 C	 D
The water temperature in a spring depends on that of the soil through where the water flows.
 	A	 B	 C	 D
EXERCISES
I. Vocabulary
Exercise 1: Complete each following sentences with one word in the box
Competitive transmission dissatisfied. convenient 	 courteous delivered	 transfer facsimile thoughtful commune
At present, 93 per cent of _________________ across Viet Nam have telephone services
Newspapers and magazines are often ____________ early in the morning.
He was a kind and ____________ mailman.
Fax transmission has now become a cheap and ________way to transmit texts and graphics over distance.
We offer a wide range of goods at very ___________________ prices.
If you are _______________ with our service, please write to the manager.
I need to________________ $1,000 to my daughter’s account. 
If you want to send a document and do not want to lose its original shape, our ______________ service will help you. 
Thank you for phoning when I was ill. It was very ____ of you.
dissatisfaction service equipment complained prices punctuality security staff helpful
I have been using the services provided by Thanh Ba post office for many years. And now , I would like to write to you to express my satisfaction and (1).. about the post office’s.
	Firstly, your post office is well- equipped the quality of (2) is good. My friends have never (3)about the quality of the documents I sent them.
Secondly, the (4)..of services is reasonable and I am always satisfied with the (5).of delivery of letters and newspapers. However I am dissatisfied with the (6).conditions of the post office. Although the parking area is large, no one keeps motorcycles or bicycles. I always feel worried about leaving my motorbike there. 
	My last dissatisfaction is the attitude of some of your (7).. They sometimes seem a bit cold and not (8).. 
	I hope your post office will increasingly develop in the future.
Rude equipped staff spacious installed 
Thanh Ba post office has a _____________ and plesant front office
It is _______________ when you ask an american about their age, marriage and income
Our office is _________ with advanced technology
I would like to have a telephone line ____________ at home
Your ________ sometimes seem a bit cold and not helpful
Execise 2: choose the words that has the closest meaning with the underlined words
He was a kind and courteous mailman.
a, polite	b, strict	c. unpleasant 	d. rude	
Newspapers and magazines are often delivered early in the morning.
a. offered	 b, given	 	c. provided	 d. distributed
There was no mention of the incident (bất ngờ) in the national press.
a. television	 b. newspapers	 c. Internet	d. radio
I wish you a speedy recovery from your illness to return o work soon. 
a. thoughtful	 b. gradual	 	c. well-trained	 d. quick
The Messenger Call Service helps you to notify the recipient of the time and the place to receive the call. 
a. receiver	 b.fax	 c. call	 d. telephone
Thanh Ba post office has a spacious and plesant front office
a. large	b. beautiful	c. cramped	d. small
It is impolite when you ask an american about their age, marriage and income
a. courteous	b. rude	c. friendly	d. thoughtful
Exercise 3: Read and answer the questions
When you have a post-office box, the postman does not bring letters to you , but you go to the post-office and get your letters and parcels from your box. The box is locked , and you have the key, so the letters are quite safe.
One day, the headteacher of a school wrote to the post-office and asks for a post-office box for his school. He soon got an answer. It said, “We will give you a post-office in one month”
Three months later, the headteacher wrote to the post-office again and said,” Why haven’t we got a pot-office yet?”. This was how the post-office answered:
“ Dear Sir,
We gave you a post-office box 2 months ago and wrote to you then to tell you. Here is the key to your box. You will find our letter to you in it”
1. What happens when you have a post-office box?
2. Why are letters safe when they are in a post-office box?
3. Why did the headmaster write to the post-office?
4. Why did he write to the post-office 3 months later?
5. When do you think the headmaster will receive the key to his post-box?
..
II. Preposition
We subscribed __________several sports channels on television.
I would like to send these letters ________ air mail. 
could you please provide us ____________ some modern equipment? 
How far is your house away _____________ the city center? 
Our office is equipped _________ advanced technology
Are you satisfied ____________ the security of the post office
III. Matching : Match the saying/questions in A with the responses in B
A
B
answer
1. Could you send this document to my office by fax ?
2. Thank you for the nice present. 
3. Excuse me!
4. How much is monthly fee?
5. Good morning, sir. What can I help you?
6. Can I give you some more coffee?
7. How do you do?
A. Your’re welcome
B. I would like to make a phone call, please.
C. It is thirty thousand dongs
D. Yes? What can I do for you, Madam?
E. Certainly!
F. How do you do!
G. No, thanks
1. ____
2. ____
3. ____
4. ____
5. ____
6. ____
7. ____
IV. GRAMMAR
Exercise 1: Multiple choices
1. I cannot tell you all ____ I heard.
	A. which	B. that	C. as	D. because
2. I can answer the question ____ you say is very difficult.
	A. which	B. whom	C. who	D. whose
3. This is Mr. Jones, ____ invention has helped hundreds of deaf people.
	A. which	B. that	C. whose	D. whom
4. Tom, ____ sits next to me, is from Canada.
	A. that	B. whom	C. who	D. whose
5. The volunteers, ____ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
	A. who	B. whom	C. whose	D. that
6. Many scientists have claimed that ____ like music are often good at mathematics.
	A. children	B. children who	C. children whom	D. whose children
7. My friend, ____ I visited lask week, is taking a holiday soon.
	A. that	B. whom	C. which	D. whose
8. The doctor is examining a patient ____ was taken to hospital last night.
	A. which	B. who	C. whom	D. whose
9. A pacifist is a person ____ believes that all wars are wrong.
	A. who	B. whose	C. whom	D. which
10. My friend, ____ hated horror film, refused to go to the cinema with me.
	A. whom	B. which	C. whose	D. who
11 Summer is the time of the year ____ the weather is the hottest. 
A. w