Passive-to verb and V-ing

Hiện tại
Quá khứ
Chủ động
to Vo
V-ing
to have P2
having P2
Bị động
to be P2
being P2
to have been P2
having been P2
PASSIVE-TO VERB AND V-ING
PAST INFINITIVE: to have + P2
a. The rain seems to have stopped.
Dùng động từ nguyên mẫu quá khứ (past infinitive) hoặc  danh động từ quá khứ (past gerund) cho sự việc đã xảy ra trước thời điểm của động từ chính.
Câu (a): The rain seems now to have stopped a few minutesago. (**)
(Dường như trời đã hết mưa.)
PAST GERUND: having + P2
b.I appreciate having had the opportunity to meet the king.
Câu (b): Hôm qua tôi đã được gặp vua. 
I appreciate now having had the opportunity to meet the king yesterday.
(Bây giờ tôi trân trọng cơ hội được gặp nhà vua ngày hôm qua.)
PAST INFINITIVE: to be + P2
c. I didn't expect to be invited to his party.
Câu (c): to be invited là dạng bị động. Cụm từ được hiểu ngầm là "by him".
(Tôi không ngờ lại được anh ấy mời.)
PASSIVE GERUND: being + P2
d. I appreciated being invited to your home.
Câu (d): being invited là dạng bị động. Cụm từ được hiểu ngầm là "by you".
I appreciated being invited by you.
(Tôi trân trọng việc được anh mời.)
PAST-PASSIVE INFINITIVE:
to have been + P2
e. Nadia is fortunate to have been given a scholarship.
Câu (e): Nadia được chính phủ cấp học bổng tháng trước.Cô ấy may mắn.
Nadia is fortunate now to have been given a scholarship last month by her government.
(Nadia may mắn được chính phủ cấp học bổng tháng trước.)
PAST-PASSIVE GERUND: having been +P2
 f. I appreciate having been told the news.
Câu (f): Ai đó đã báo tin cho tôi hôm qua. Tôi trân trọng điều đó.
I appreciate now having been told the news yesterday by  someone.
(Tôi trân trọng việc đã được ai đó báo tin ngày hôm qua.)
I. Supply an appropriate form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. The chair is broken. I need ( fix )_____________it. The chair needs ( fix )_____________.
2. The baby's diaper is wet. It needs ( change ) __________________
3. What a mess ! This room is needs ( clean ) ___________ up. We need (clean) ____________ it up before the company arrives
4. My shirt is wrinkled. It needs ( iron ) __________________
5. There is a hole in our roof. The roof needs ( repair ) __________________
6. I have books and papers all over my desk. I need ( take ) ____________ some time to straighten up my desk. 
It needs (straighter) _______________ up.
7. The apples on the tree are ripe. They need (pick ) __________________
8. The dog's been digging in the mud. He needs (wash ) __________________
II. Supply an apppropriate form for each verb in parentheses.
1. A: It's been nice talking to you. I really have enjoyed our conversation, but I have to leave now. I'm very happy (have)_________________ this opportunity to meet you and talk with you. Let's try to get together again soon.
B: I'd like that.
2. A: This letter needs (send)______________________ immediately. Will you take care of it? 
B: Right away.
3. Sally is very quick. You have to tell her how to do something only once. She doesn't need (tell)_______________ twice.
4. A: I thought Sam was sick.
B: So did I. But he seems (recover)____________________ very quickly. He certainly doesn't seem (be)___________ sick now.
5. Last year I studied abroad. I appreciate (have)___________________ the opportunity to live and study in a foreign country.
6. Sharon wants us to tell her the news as soon as we hear anything. If we find out anything about the problem, she wants (tell) ___________________ about it immediately.
7. Yesterday Anna wrote a check for fifty dollars, but when she wrote it she knew she didn't have enough money in the bank to cover it. Today she is very worried about (write)__________________ that check. She had to find a way to put some money in her account right away.
8. A: What's the difference between " burn up " and " burn down" ?
B: Hmmm. That's an interesting question. I don't recall ever (ask) ______________________ that question before.
9. Living in a foreign country has been a good experience for me. I am glad that my company sent me to another country to study. I am very pleased (give)___________________ the opportunity to learn about another culture.
10. Martha doesn't like to have her picture taken. She avoids (photograph)_________________.
III. Choose the correct answer.
1. Are you sure you told me? I don't recall___ about it. 
A. having told	C. to have told B. having been told	D. to have been told
2. Tom made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didn't fire him. He's lucky_____________ a second chance.
A. having given	C. to have given B. having been given	D. to have been given
3. Dr. Wilson is a brilliant and dedicated scientist who had expected to be selected as the director of the institute. She was very surprised not_________ the position.
A. having offered	C. to have offered	B. having been offered	D. to have been offered
4. By the time their baby arrives, the Johnsons hope___________ painting and decorating the new nursery.
A. having finished	C. to have finished	B. having been finished	D. to have been finished
5. The stockbroker denied_____________ of the secret business deal.
A. having informed	B. to have informed	B. having been informed	D. to have been informed
6. The Smiths wanted to give their son every advantage. However, they now regret______________ him by providing too many material possessions.
A. having spoiled	C. to have spoiled	B. having been spoiled	D. to have been spoiled
7. They spy admitted___________ some highly secret information to enemy agents.
A. having given	C. to have given	B. having been given	D. to have been given
8. Instead of _____________ about the good news, Tom seemed to be indifferent.
A. exciting	C. to excite	B. being excited	D. to be excited
9. The new students hope _____________ in many of the school's social activities.
A. including	C. to include	B. being included	D. to be included
10. The owner of the building supply store doesn't mind________________ his customers discounts when they buy in large quantities.	A. giving	C. to give	B. being given	D. to be given
11. Jack got into trouble when he refused___________ his briefcase for the customs officer.
A. opening	C. to open	B. being opened	D. to be opened
12. Barbara didn't mention____________ about her progress report at work, but I'm sure she is.
A. concerning	C. to concern	B. being concerned	D. to be concerned
13. The City Parks Department is putting in several miles of new trails because so many people have said that they enjoy___________ on them.	A. walking	C. to walk	B. being walked	D. to be walked
14. You'd better save some money for a rainy day. You can't count on ____________ by your parents every time you get into financial difficulty.	A. rescuing	C. to rescue	B. being rescued	D. to be rescued
15. Please forgive me. I didn't mean ___________ you. A. upsetting	C. to upset	B. being upset	D. to be upset
16. I don't remember ____________ of the decision to change the company policy on vacations.	When was it decided?
A. telling	C. to tell	B. being told	D. to be told
17. Ms. Drake expects_______________ about any revisions to her manuscript before it is printed.
A. consulting	C. to consult	B. being consulted	D. to be consulted
18. Tommy admitted_______ the rock through the window. A. throwing	C. to throw	B. being thrown	D. to be thrown
19. If you want to develop inner tranquility, you have to stop______________ by every little thing that happens.
A. bothering	C. to bother	B. being bothered	D. to be bothered
7. Paul really didn't mind______________ by the party to celebrate his fortieth birthday, although he told his friends that they shouldn't have done it.
A. surprising	C. to surprise
B. being surprised	D. to be surprised
8. Anne hopes_____________ to join the private club. She could make important business contacts there.
A. inviting	C. to invite
B. being invited	D. to be invited