Tài liệu bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi tiếng Anh 9

_____( mend) your bike ? _ Yes, I had my bike _________ ( mend)
The novel __________ ( write) by Nguyen Du was famous. 
 3/ CHỦ ĐỀ 3: CONDITIONALS ( Câu điều kiện) 
 1. Type 1: Future possible ( Điều kiện thật có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
If Clause
Main Clause
 Present Simple
 V(s/es)
 Future Simple
 will(can/may,must) + Vinfi
Unless = If . . . . not 
 Ex: If he doesn’t work hard / Unless he works hard , he won’t pass the exam.
 2. Type 2: Present Unreal(Điều kiện không thật ở hiện tại)
If Clause
Main clause
 Past simple 
 V2/ed / (be) -> were
would/could + Vinfi
 * Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form
If I ___________(find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight.
We ______________( play) tennis if the weather is fine tomorrow.
I ____________( lend) you my radio if you bring it back before Sunday.
What_______ you _______(do) if you ________(see) a UFO ?.
Unless she ___________(come) , they can go without her.
* Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
I don’t have her address, so I don’t tell you.
 => If I had
Working so much will make you tired.
=> If you didn’t
Unless he works now, he will be late for his project.
 => If he
Study hard or you will fail the final exam.
 => If you 
The work isn’t important. They don’t feel excited.
=> If the work
4/ CHỦ ĐỀ 4: WISH ( Ao ước)
 1. Ước muốn không thật ở hiện tại: S1 + wish + S2 + V2/ed / (be)=> were
 2. Ước muốn ở tương lai: S1 + wish + S2 + would + Vinfi / could + Vinfi
 * Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form
I wish I ___________(be) on the beach now.
She can’t drive. She wishes she ______________( drive) as well as her brother.
We wish our parents ____________( go) on the trip with us next week.
I wish I _____________(know) the answer right away.
She wishes she _____________(not have) to go to work today.
* Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
I don’t know how to make a cake.
 => I wish
We don’t join the trip this weekend.
 => We wish
It’s a pity the job isn’t suitable for him to accept.
 => I wish
I would like my close friend to study hard.
 => I wish
John is sorry he can’t speak Vietnamese.
 => John wishes
 5/ CHỦ ĐỀ 5: USED TO
 1. S + used to + Vinfi = S + doesn’t/don’t + Vinfi . . . . . any more=> thường, đã từng (Thói quen trong quá khứ, giờ đẫ hết)
 2. S + be/get used to + Ving : quen/ trở nên quen làm gì
 * Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form
There used to ___________(be ) a movie theater here.
Mr. An used ___________( drink) a lot og coffee.
Are you used to ____________(work) on Sunday?.
My grandparents get used to _____________(live) in the city
* Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
The boy doesn’t play games any more.
 => The boy used
I often studied in the library when I was a student.
=> I used
My mother always gets up at five .
 => My mother is used
 6/ CHỦ ĐỀ 6: THE PASSIVE VOICE ( Thể bị động)
 * Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form
Greeting cards are big business in Britain. Millions of cards _____________(send) every year.
We have to wait. A decision ________________( make) until the next meeting.
English ______________(speak) all over the world.
Teachers’ Day _________________(celebrate) largely since 1982.
The church looks very old. When _________ it __________(build) ?
* Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
They canceled all flights because of fog.
 => All flights
Every year, millions of people visit Hue, the world Heritage of Vietnam.
=> Hue
They will finish their work tomorrow.
 => Their work
They are going to build a supermarket next year.
 => A supermarket
10. Noone told me about the change of the plan.
I
They asked her for some help. (she)
 => 
Candidates may not use the dictionaries. (by)
 => 
 7/ CHỦ ĐỀ 7: RELATIVE CLAUSES ( Mệnh đề quan hệ)
 a. Who => S(người) b.Whom=> O(người) 
 c. Which ->S & O(vật) 
 d. That-> S&O(người / vật)=> “That” có thể dùng thay thế cho “who”, “whom”, “which”
 * Dùng “ that” khi tiền từ có: a few, a little, first, second, last, all, only, so sánh nhất( most, best . . . .) 
 * Không dùng “that” khi mệnh đề có dấu phẩy, giới từ trước “that’
 e Whose + Noun (sở hữu)=> Thay cho my, our, your, his, her, their, its,’s
 => + Không dùng THAT khi mệnh đề có dấu phẩy, và có giới từ liền trước
 + Nếu tiền từ là Tên( người / địa danh) / this, that, these, those thì dùng dấu phẩy vào mđ quan hệ
 * Put who / whom / which / that / whose in the blank
London, __________ is the capital of England, has over 6 million inhabitants.
What is the name of the player _________ was injured?.
The woman _________ I wanted to see was away on holiday.
People _________ cars were damaged complained to the police..
The job for _________ she has applied is in London
I like the performers and animals ___________ performed in the circus tent last night.
Teddy has two houses, one of __________ is very expensive.
* Make one sentence from two. Use who / whom / which / that / whose
Ann talked to a man. He won a lot of money.
 => Ann talked to the man
May I borrow your book ? Its title is really interesting.
=> May I
The man was a famous actor. You met him at the party.
 => The man
The postcard was from Harriet. It came this morning.
 => The postcard
Alex plays the guitar well. He is Greg’s brother.
Alex
This is the last letter. He sent it to me.
 => This is
 8/ CHỦ ĐỀ 8: REPORTED SPEECH ( Lời tường thuật) 
 1. Dạng câu trần thuật:
 Direct : S + V . . . . 
 Indirect => S + said/ told+O + (that) + S + V(lùi thì)
2. Dạng câu hỏi:
 * Direct : Câu hỏi có từ hỏi ( What, Where, . . . ?)
 Indirect => S + asked + (O) + Từ hỏi ( What, Where, . . .) + S + V(lùi thì)
 * Direct : Câu hỏi không từ hỏi ( Yes/ No- Question)=> Do/ Does / Is/ Are + S . . . ?
 Indirect => S + asked +(O) + if / whether + S + V(lùi thì)
3. Câu mệnh lệnh:
 Direct : Vinfi / Don’t + Vinfi . . . . .
 Indirect => S + told/ asked + (O) + (not) to Vinfi . . . . .
 + Lưu ý các thay đổi
Ngôi thứ 1=> Thay S(người nói) vào phù hợp
Ngôi thứ 2 =>Thay O(người nghe) vào phù hợp
Lùi thì: Present -> Past (V1/s,es => V2/ed; am/is/are => was/were ; have/has =>had) , can => could; may => might; must => had to
Thay các từ : this => that ; these => those ; here => there ; now => then ; today => that day; 
 tonight -> that night ; tomorrow -> the next/ following day
 * Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown
“ I will take you to town” Ann said to John
 => Ann told
“ What school are you going to?”
 => She asked me
“ I have something to show you now”
 => Nam told her
“ Can you speak more slowly?”
 => He asked
“ I don’t like this film”
 => The man said
“ Are you a nercomer here?”
 => Nam asked Lan
“ When will the course begin?”
 => She asked me
“ Don’t wait for me if I am late”
 => Mr. Minh told us
 “ Would you mind putting the chairs away, Minh?”
=> Jolly asked
“ You mustn’t leave the door unlocked?”
=> Mr. Atkins told Mark
 9. CHỦ ĐỀ 9: TAG QUESTIONS ( Câu hỏi đuôi) 
 * Qui luật chung: 
 _ Trước khẳng sau phủ và ngược lại: + ( Vchính là: be, Modal(can, should . . .) => Vphần đuôi là: be, modal( can, should . . ) + Vchính là Vthường => Vphần đuôi là: do / does / did 
 _ Phủ định phần đuôi phải viết tắt ( can’t / shouldn’t / don’t / didn’t . . . )
 _ Dùng Đại từ nhân xưng ( He, She, It, They) thay cho S là Noun / Tên ( Lan => she / children => they . . ) 
 * Đặc biệt : Mệnh đề chính => Phần đuôi : Let’s => shall we? / I am => aren’t I ? / Mệnh lệnh (VInfi/ Don’t+Vinfi => will you?) / Someone, Somebody, Noone, Nobody, Everyone, Everybody => they
 Ex : Let’s go to the cinema, shall we ?
Open the window, will you ?
 I am always on time for school, aren’t I ?
 * Complete the following tag questions
 1. These children don’t behave well at school, ____________?
We have leared Enlish for four years , ______________ ?
I am right, ______________?
Your father likes drinking coffee, _____________?
I have a new bike, ____________?
They have lunch at 11,______________?
Everybody is ready, ______________?
10/ CHỦ ĐỀ 10: SUGGESTIONS ( Các dạng đề nghị)
Let’s + Vinfi . . . . . . . . . .
 2. Why don’t we/ you + Vinfi . . . . . .?
 3. Shall we + Vinfi . . . . . . . . ?
 4. I think we should + Vinfi
 5. What/ How about + Ving . . . . . .?
 6. Vsuggest:
 *6a. S + suggest + Ving . . . . . . 
 *6b. S1 + suggest (that) + S2 + should + Vinfi . . . . . .
 * Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form
1. She suggested that I ______________ ( look for) a new flat.
2. Let’s _________ (practice) speaking English in class.
3. What about ___________(guess) the teacher’s questions?
4. Why don’t we __________( give) lessons to poor children?
5. I suggest _____________( watch) TV instead of going out.
* Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
 6. Shall we listen to music for recreation ?
 => I suggest
7. Why don’t you meet to discuss it ?
=> I suggest
8. She has a special meal on Mother’s Day
 => We suggest
11/ CHỦ ĐỀ 11: ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS ( Tính từ & Trạng từ)
 1/ Adjectives: Trước Noun ; Sau V : be, look, keep/ kept, seem, feel/ felt
S + be + Adj + toVinfi . . . . . .
S1 + be + Adj + that + S2 + V . . . . . . => Dùng với các Adj chỉ sự xúc cảm, chắc chắn: glad, (un)happy, excited, anxious, sure . . . . . => Khi S2 khác S1 thì khai mệnh đề sau “that”
Ex 1: I am sure to pass the exam = I am sure that I will/can pass the exam.
Ex 2: His parents were happy that he gets good grades
 2/ Adverbs of manner: Bổ nghĩa cho Vthường, nói rõ hành động ra sao
 FORM : Adj + - ly ( quick => quickly)
Đặc biệt : Adj => Adv : good => well ; hard => hard ; fast => fast ; early => early ; late => late
Vị trí của Adv : 1/ S + V(thường) + (O) + Adv 
 2/ S + Adv + V(thöôøng)
 3/ Adv + S + V(thöôøng) 
 4/ S + V Adv V 
3/ Adv chỉ mức độ: very, quite, extremely đặt trước Adj hay Adv khác( He runs very fast)
 4/ Cấu trúc đồng nghĩa : Adj _ Adv
 S + be + ( a/ an) + Adj + ( Noun) + Noun ( V+er/or)
 = S + Vthường + O( Noun) + Adv
 Ex: He is a good English speaker.
 = He speaks English well. 
 * Choose Adj or Adv
1. The ( main / mainly) streets are in the center of the city 
2. He talked very ( interesting / interestingly) about his work.
3. Lan ( quick / quickly) raises her hand in class.
4 .Tom is ( amazing / amazingly) good at Maths
5. ( Unfortunate / Unfortunately) the typhoon damaged the village.
6. Lan seemed very ( happy / happily). She looked at us ( happy / happily)
7. He always drives his car ( careful / carefully) in the street.
* Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
8. He is a bad driver.
 => He drives
 9. She is a popular novel writer.
=> She writes
 10. My sister is very good at cooking meals. ( cooks)
 => 
 12/ CHỦ ĐỀ 12: CLAUSES OF RESULT ( Mệnh đề kết quả)
 1. so . . . . . . that : quá . . đến nỗi
 S + V + so + Adj/Adv + that S + V . . . . . . . . . 
 Mđ ng. nhân Mđ kết quả
 2. so : vì vậy, nên
 S + V . . . . . . . so S + V . . . . . . . .
 Mđ ng. nhân Mđ kết quả
 3. because : bởi vì
 S + V . . . . . . . . . because S + V . . . . . . . . . . .
 Mđ kết quả Mđ ng. nhân
 S + V . . . . . . . . . because of + Noun ( phrase) . . . . . 
 Mđ kết quả Cụm ng. nhân
 1. The problem is very difficult. We can’t solve it.
 => The problem was so 
 2. The boy was sick, so he couldn’t go out.
=> The boy coulcn’t 
 3. Because of the long speech, they felt sleepy.
=> Because the speech
 4. I didn’t stop because I didn’t realize the traffic light was red.
=> I didn’t stop
 5. We usually turn on the air conditioner because it is hot here.
=> It is 
 13/ CHỦ ĐỀ 13: CLAUSES OF CONCESSION ( mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ) => Mệnh đề/ cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ có thể đặt trước hay sau mệnh đề chính, ý tương phản với mệnh đề chính 
1. Though / Although / Even though + S + V . . . . . , S + V . . . . . . . 
 2. Despite / In spite of + Noun / Ving . . . . . .., S + V . . . . . . . . .
 * Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
 1. She was tired. She tried to finish her work before going home.
 => Although
 2. I’m no better. I have taken the pill.
 => Though
 3. He has a very important job, but he isn’t well paid.
 => Although
 4. Although they live in a small house, they are happy.
 => In spite of 
 5. Despite the cold weather, we enjoyed our holiday.
 => Although
 14/ CHỦ ĐỀ 14: CONNECTIVES ( các từ liên kết)
1. And / ; Moreover, => Kết 2 vế cùng ý, để thêm ý
 2 But / ; However, => Kết 2 vế trái ý
 3. Or => Lựa chọn
 4. Because/ As/ Since => Đặt trước mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân
 5. So / ; therefore, => Đặt trước mệnh đề chỉ kết quả
 6. When => Đặt trước mệnh đề chỉ thời gian
 7. If => Đặt trước mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện 
 * Complete the sentences, using Connectives
 1. My father is on holiday, _________ he is unable to attend the meeting. 
 2. Solar panels are put on the roof of the house ___________ the sun’s energy is used to heat water. 
 3. People should use more solar energy ____________ it is cheap, clean and effective. 
 4. I don’t agree with his teaching methods. ____________, he is a good teacher. 
 5. He was watering the flowers __________ I came. 
 6. Which color do you want red, green. yellow __________ blue ? 
 7. We started our journey early; ____________ , we reached the village before sunset. 
 8. I understand your point of view __________ I don’t agree with it.
 9. The house is quite beautiful ; ____________ , the cost is not too high.
 10. I’ll phone you __________ I give out the final decision.
 15/ CHỦ ĐỀ 15: COMPARISONS ( Các dạng so sánh) 
1. So sánh bằng : as . . . . as 
 S1 + V +(O) + as Adj/ Adv as + S2 + (V)
 2. So sánh hơn : 
 S1 + V + (O) + so sánh hơn (Adj / Adv) + THAN + S2 + (V)
 Form : + short Adj/ Adv + er ( wide => wider ; fast => faster )
 + more + long Adj/ Adv ( tired => more tired ; interesting => more interesting )
 + Đặc biệt : y(2 vần) => i + er ( happy => happier) ; good / well => better ;bad => worse; many/much/a lot of => more ; little => less ; far => farther/ further 
 3. So sánh nhất : S + V + THE + so sánh nhất( Adj/ Adv) + in / of . . . . . 
 Form : + the short Adj/ Adv + est ( wide => the widest ; fast => the fastest )
 + the most + long Adj/ Adv ( tired => the most tired ; interesting => the most interesting )
 + Đặc biệt : y(2 vaàn) => i + est ( happy => the happiest) ; good / well => the best ; bad => the worst. .. 
 * Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
 1. She is not as intelligent as her brother. ( is)
 => Her brother is
 2. Richard is younger than he looks. (old)
 => Richard isn’t
 3. Your school is big, but my school is bigger ( than)
 => My school
 4. Are you and Lan the same age ?. (old)
 => Are you as
 5. This hotel is more comfortable than all the others. ( most)
 => This hotel
 16/ CHỦ ĐỀ 16: MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC ĐỒNG NGHĨA THƯỜNG GẶP
	 1. Past Simple Present Perfect 
 1a/ S + began/started + Ving/ to infinitive . . . . . time + ago/ in + year.
	 = S + has/have + V3/ed . . . . . . . for / since + time.
	Ex: I began to study English two years ago / in 2008.
 	= I have studied English for two years / since 2008.
 1b/ S + last + V2/ed . . . . . . . . . . . . time + ago/ in + year
 The last time + S + V2/ed . . . . . . . . . + was + time + ago/ in + year
 It is + time + since + S + ( last) + V2/ed . . . . . . . . 
 = S + hasn’t / haven’t + V3/ed . . . . . . . . . . . for / since + time.
 Ex: I last saw him six months ago = The last time I saw him was six months ago 
It is six months since I last saw him.
I haven’t seen him for six months.
 2/ S(người) + spend/ spent + tg + V-ing . . . . . 
 = It + takes/ took + ( Ongười) + tg + to Vinf . . . . . 
 Ex: I spend fifteen minutes going to school every day.
 = I t takes me fifteen minutes to go to school every day.
 3/ V-ing . . . . . . . . . . . + is + Adj.
 = It + is + Adj + to Vinf . . . . . . . 
 Ex: Traveling around the world is (very) interesting.
 = It is (very) interesting to travel around the world.
 * Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
 1. It took my father half an hour to repair his car.
 => My father spent
 2. The last time we visited Hanoi was two years ago.
 => It’s
 3. It’s nearly ten years since I saw my uncle.
 => I last
 4. Practicing speaking English every day is good.
 => It’s
 5. She last wore that dress at her sister’s wedding.
 => She hasn’t
 17/ CHỦ ĐỀ 17: PREPOSITIONS ( Giới từ) 
 A/ Giới từ chỉ thời gian thông dụng :
1. at + giờ cụ thể ( at 8 o’clock)
on + thứ / ngày + tháng +(năm) ( on Sunday, on May 20th )
in + buổi / tháng / mùa / năm (in the morning, in June, in the summer, in 2006 )
before/ after + time ( before / after 9p.m)
between . . . . and ; from . . . . . . to (between 7 and 8 ; from 4 to 6 )
by(trước) + time ( by 5 o’clock)
Expressions : at noon/ at night/ at first # at last / at the beginning of . . . # at the end of . . . . / in the end / at present/ at the moment / on time / in time/ at weekend/ on the weekend
 B/ Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn thông dụng:
 at the seaside on a/the farm in the country(side) / in the( city /town / village) / in the mountain
Expressions : at home(school/ work) / at the bus stop(restaurant/ hotel)/ from . . . .to/ in the street / on the right(left) / on the (tele)phone / on the beach
 C/ Giới từ chỉ phương tiện :
 * by bus / train/car/plane/ship/bike * on foot
 D/ Giới từ trong các thành ngữ thông dụng 
 1.look after : chăm sóc, trông coi + look for: tìm kiếm + look at : nhìn +look up: tra (từ điển) 
 +look out: hãy cẩn thận, nhìn ra + look forward to : mong 
 2. think about/ of : nghĩ về 
 3. be fond of : thích 
 4. arrive at + địa điểm / arrive in + vùng, khu vực ( rộng lớn) 
 5. Thank you for . . . Cám ơn ai vì . . . + Thanks to : Nhờ vào
 6. listen to : nghe 
 7. be good/ bad at : giỏi / dở cái gì 
 8. be pleased/ satisfied with : hài lòng / thỏa mãn với 
 9.wear out: mòn, sờn
 10. take care of :chăm sóc + take inspiration from : lấy nguồn cảm hứng từ + take part in: tham gia vào
 11.account for : chiếm, là lí do 
 12.It’s very kind/nice of + O(người):Ai thật tốt / tử tế
 13.turn up # turn down: mở lớn # mở nhỏ + turn on # turn off : mở # tắt 
 14. account for : chiếm, là lí do 
 15.It’s very kind/nice of + O(người) : Ai thật tốt / tử tế 
 16. divide into: chia thành 
 17. + bring along: mang theo + bring up: nuôi dạy
 18.keep in touch(with): giữ liên lạc / tiếp xúc(với) 
 19. hear from: nghe từ + hear about: nghe về 
 20. get access to: tiếp cận / truy cập 
 21.give up : bỏ 
 22.free/prevent/ protect from : thoát / ngăn chặn / bảo vệ khỏi 
 23.(dis)agrre with: (không) đồng ý với
 24. wait for: chờ ai/ điều gì + wait at: chờ ở đâu
 25. consist of: gồm, bao gồm 
 26. + live in a dormitory on canpus : sống ở ký túc xá trường + live on: sống dựa vào
 27. grow up: lớn lên, trưởng thành
 28. be interested in : thích, quan tâm đến
 29. be/ feel proud of: tự hào về
 30. tell . . . about: nói/ kể về 
 31. prepare for: chuẩn bị
 32. be impressed by: gây ấn tượng bởi
 33. + know about: biết về + be known as : được biết như là
 34. be different from: khác
 35. come from: đến/ có từ
 36. help . . with: giúp . . .
 37. go on: tiếp tục, xảy ra
 38. good/ bad for health: tốt/ tệ cho sức khỏe
 39. add . . . to: thêm. . . vào
 40. interact with : tương tác với
 41. communicate with: liên lạc với
 42. worry about:lo lắng về
 43. complain about: than phiền về
 44. talk to/ with: nói với ai
 45. congratulate . . . .on. . .: chúc mừng ai về việc gì
 46. laugh at: cười
 47. depend on: lệ thuộc
 48. go on a trip/ vacation : đi du lịch/ nghỉ 
 + go for a walk : đi dạo bộ + go swimming/ fishing/shopping/ climbing: đi bơi / câu / mua sắm / leo núi
 49. complain about: than phiền về. 
 50.+ instead of: thay cho + to the north/south of: về phía bắc/nam +at the entrance to: ngay lối vào + just in case: phòng hờ + In addition to: ngoài. . . ra + close to: gần/ sát với + most of/ a lot of: hầu hết/ nhiều
 17/ CHỦ ĐỀ 18: Các từ vựng trọng điểm theo từng đơn vị bài học 
 * UNIT 1:A VISIT FROM A PEN PAL
 1. climate(n) khí hậu 2. religion(n) tôn giáo => religious (adj) tín ngưỡng 3. population(n) dân số 
 4. official(adj) chính thức 5. comprise = consist of (v) gồm có 6. depend on(v) lệ thuộc
 7. friendly(adj) thân thiện => friendliness(n) lòng mến khách 8. impress(v) => impression(n) ấn tượng 
 9. correspond(v) trao đổi thư từ 10. compulsory ≠ optional (adj) bắt buộc ≠ lựa chọn 11. miss(v) nhớ 
 * UNIT 2: CLOTHING
 1. design(v) thiết kế => designer(n) nhà thiết kế 2. fashion(n) thời trang => fashionable (adj) hợp thời 
 3. material(n) chất liệu 4. poem(n) bài thơ => poet(n) nhà thơ => poetry(n) thơ ca 5. uniform(n) đồng phục 
 6. label (n) nhãn hiệu (v) dán nhãn 7. inspiration (n) nguồn cảm hứng 8. grow(v) lớn lên / phát triển 
 9. tradition(n) =>traditional(adj) truyền thống 10. wear / wore / worn(v) mặc 11. convenient(adj) tiện 
 12. modern(adj) hiện đại => modernize(v) cách tân
	 * UNIT 3: A TRIP TO THE COUNTRYSIDE
 1. exchange(v,n) trao đổi => exchange student(n) sinh viên giao lưu 2. rest (v) => take a rest => nghỉ ngơi 
 3. collect(v) thu nhặt, sưu tập =>collection (n)