Tài liệu bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh lớp 6

 Tính töø mieâu taû: SIZE + SHAPE + AGE + COLOR + NATIONAL + MATERIAL 
. 	 (kích thöôùc + hình daïng + tuoåi + maøu + quoác tòch + chaát lieäu)
 b. Tính töø sôû höõu: my/ our / your / their / her / his/ its
 c. Tính töø chæ soá löôïng: much/ little/ few/ a lot of / plenty of / each/ every/ another
 3. Chöùc naêng:
 a. Boå nghóa cho danh töø: A beautiful girl
 b. Boå nghóa cho ñaïi töø: Something new
 c. Ñöùng sau keep / seem/ be/ feel/ look... vaøboå nghóa cho chuû ngöõ; He looks happy.
 d. Ñöùng sau keep /make let + O + Adj vaøboå nghóa cho taân ngöõ. We make our parents happy.
IV. Traïng töø (Adverbs): 
 1. Ñònh nghóa: laø nhöõng töø duøng ñeå dieån taû tính caùch, ñaëc tính, möùc ñoä, ... vaø ñöôïc duøng ñeå boå nghóa cho ñoäng töø, tính töø, traïng töø khaùc hoaëc cho caû caâu.
2. Phaân loaïi:
 a. Traïng töø chæ theå caùch: well, carefully, quickly, hard, fast
 b. Traïng töø chæ thôøi gian: early/ late / yet/ now, today, yesterday, before, after, tomorrow...
 c. Traïng töø chæ möùc ñoä: too much/ too little/ very / extremely/ a lot / nearly
 d. Traïng töø chæ ñòa ñieåm: here/ there/ upstairs/ at home / in the garden...
 e. Traïng töø chæ söï thöôøng xuyeân: always/ often/ usually/ sometimes/ hardly/ once a week.....
 3. Chöùc naêng:
 a. Boå nghóa cho tính töø: A very beautiful girl
 b. Boå nghóa cho ñoäng töø: walk slowly; study hard; play well
 c. Boå nghóa cho traïng töø: walk very slowly; study so hard; play quite well
WORD FORM 
NOUN
VERB
ADJ
PARTICIPLE
ADV
NOTE
Danh từ
Động từ
Tính từ
Phân từ
trạng từ
Nghĩa 
Anger
Angry
Angrily
Giaän
Attraction
Attract
Attractive
Attracted
Attractively
Haáp daãn
Beauty
Beautify
Beautiful
Beautifully
Ñeïp
Business
Busy
Busily
Baän vieäc
Care/ ful/ ness
Care
Careful/ less
Carefully/ lessly
Caån thaän
Center
Central
Centrally
Trung taâm
Collection
Collect
Collective
Thu thaäp
Curiosity
Curious
Curiously
Toø moø
Danger
Endanger
Dangerous
Dangerously
Nguy hieåm
Death
Die
Dead
Cheat
Depth (ñoä saâu)
Deepen (laøm)
Deep
Deeply
Saâu
Difference
Differ
Different
Differently
Khaùc nhau
Difficulty
Difficult
Difficultly
Khoù khaên
Excitement
Excite
exciting
Excited/ ing
Excitingly
Haøo höùng
Friend/ - ship
Friendly
Baïn beø
Fluency
Fluent
Fluently
Troâi chaûy
Harm
Harm (gaây haïi)
Harmful/ less
Harmlully/lessly
Haïi
Happiness
Happy
Happily
Haïnh phuùc
Health
Healthy
Healthily
Maïnh khoeû
Invention
Invent
Inventory
Phaùt minh
Laziness
Lazy
Lazily
Löôøi bieáng
Length
Lengthen
Long
Daøi
Nation/ ality
Nationalize
National
Nöôùc/ qtòch
Nature
Naturalize
Natural
Naturally
Töï nhieân
Pollution
Pollute
Polluted
OÂ nhieãm
Practice
Practice
Practical
Practically
Thöïc haønh
Prevention
Prevent
Preventable
Ngaên caûn
Reason
Reason
Reasonable
Reasonably
Lyù do
Science/ Scientist
Scientific
Scientifically
Khoa hoïc
Strength
Strengthen
Strong
Strongly
Maïnh
Success
Succeed
Successful
Successfully
Thaønh coâng
Warmth
Warn
Warm
Warmly
AÁm aùp
Width
Widen
Wide
Widely
Roäng
Wonder
Wonder
Wonderful
Wonderfully
Kì dieäu
IDENTIFICATION OF WORD FORMS
I. Choïn danh töø: (ñaàu caâu, sau ñoäïng töø vaø giôùi töø) 
 II. Choïn tính töø: Tröôùc danh töø, sau linking verbs, 
ADJ+ NOUN
KEEP / SEEM/ BE/ FEEL/ LOOK + ADJ: 
A happy girl always smiles. (happiness)
Linking verbs: He’s heavy. ( heaviness)
III. Choïn traïng töø: Giöõa chuû ngöõ vaø ñoäng töø / sau ñoäng töø thöôøng, sau taân ngöõ. ñaàu caâu, ...
S + ADV + V(thöôøng):
S + V (+ O) + ADV 
ADV, S + V
I have recently received my friend’s letter.
The doctor told me to breathe in slowly.
Suddenly, he saw an accident.
IV. Choïn ñoäng töø: ñöùng ngay sau chuû ngöõ: 
- S + V:
My mother bought a new bike yesterday.
 V. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.	
He feels very ...............so he talks ...............
Anger
She looks...............in her new coat.
Attract
He plays soccer ...............
Beauty
Nam is always .............. He is on his ......... this week.
Business
Mr. Han is a ............... driver. He drives ..............
Care
I live on ............... highland in Dalak.
Center
Hoa has a fine ............... of stamp.
Collect
His ............... helps him successful.
Curious
AIDS is a...............disease
Danger
Her parents’ ............... makes her very sad.
Death
Mai understands me ............... 
Depth 
There is no ............... between my answer and his.
Differ
We have a lot of ............... in learning English.
Difficult
The is an............... football match this afternoon.
Excite
We are very proud of our...............
Friend
He speaks English ............... 
Fluency
If you smoke, it is ............... to you.
Harm
She sent her best wishes for my future...............
Happiness
He does exercise every morning, so he is very............... 
Health
Exercises ...............your health.
Strong
...............students don’t often succeed in the tests.
Laziness
. ...............are trying to find out new stars.	
Science
Nam is very............... and heavy.
Strength
I don’t like hot weather. I like............... weather
Warmth
Ha Long Bay is a ............... Bay.
Wonder
ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME & REASON
A. ADVERD CLAUSES OF TIME: 
	Laø meänh ñeà traïng ngöõ chæ thôøi gian baét ñaàu caùc lieân töø When, while, after/ before, as (khi), until (ñeán khi )
 S +V+ When/ while/ after/ before/ as/until + S + V
 	 Chæ töông lai: When he comes tomorrow, we will welcome him. 
	Chæ hieän taïi: When it’s hot, I go swimming. / As I come, he is eating.
B. ADVERD CLAUSES OF REASON: 
	Laø meänh ñeà traïng ngöõ chæ lyù do hay nguyeân nhaân baét ñaàu caùc lieân töø: because/ since/ as (bôûi vì)
S + V + because/ since/ as + S + V
	Mr. Ba is late because/ since/ as she oversleeps.
	Because Lan and Ba don’t have a tent, they never go camping.
C. Join two sentences into one, use because/ since/ as:
Lan and Ba never go camping. , so they don’t have a tent
...................................................................................................................................................
I stay at home. It rains.
...................................................................................................................................................
Tan is late for school. He misses the bus.
...................................................................................................................................................
The weather is fine. We have a picnic on the mountain.
...................................................................................................................................................
 I don’t have a bike, so I walk.
...................................................................................................................................................
Nhan is free, so he flies his kites.
...................................................................................................................................................
D. Join two sentences into one, use when/ while/ after/ before/ as/until:
It is warm. I go fishing. (when)
...................................................................................................................................................
My father is eating. My mother cooks. (while)
...................................................................................................................................................
I take a bath first. Then I eat. (before)
...................................................................................................................................................
Mr. Quang waits for the farmer. The farmer comes. (until)
...................................................................................................................................................
He will come tomorrow. We will welcome him. (When)
...................................................................................................................................................
You will go the museum. You will see a lot of valuable pictures. (When)
...................................................................................................................................................
ARTICLES
 A. Maïo töø khoâng xaùc ñònh: A,AN
Examples
1. A An : ñöùng tröôùc danh töø ñeám ñöôïc soá ít ñeå giôùi thieäu moät ñieàu gì chöa ñöôïc ñeà caäp hoaëc laàn ñaàu.
A ball is round. 
I see a boy in the street.
2. An : ñöùng tröôùc danh töø baét ñaàu baèng nguyeân aâm.
 A : ñöùng tröôùc danh töø baét ñaàu baèng phuï aâm.
an apple, an inkpot, an engineer
a book, a pen, house, a man, 
3. Nhöõng danh töø ,luoân duøng vôùi A
European, uniform, universal, university, union, eulogy, euphemism
4. Nhöõng danh töø ,luoân duøng vôùi AN
hour, heir, herbal, honor 
 B. Maïo töø xaùc ñònh: THE
Khoâng duøng maïo töø xaùc ñònh: THE
Ñöùng tröôùc danh töø ñeám ñöôïc hoaëc khoâng ñeám ñöôïc ôû soá ít hay nhieàu ñeå giôùi thieäu moät ñieàu gì ñaõ ñöôïc ñeà caäp, ñöôïc boå nghóa cuïm giôùi töø with / of + N hay ñieàu maø ai cuõng bieát.
The earth is round. (ai cuõng bieát)
The boy in the corner is my friend.
 The sugar on the table is sweet. ( nghóa rieâng bieät)
 The tigers in Vietnam are in danger.
Tröôùc danh töø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc ôû soá ít/ ñeám ñöôïc ôû soá nhieàu khi noùi ñeân ñaëc ñieåm, chuûng loaïi, gioáng noøi chung chung.
Athletes must follow a well- balanced diet.
Sugar is sweet. (nghóa chung chung)
Tigers like fresh meat.
Teân Nhieàu hoà: The great Lakes 
 Caùc ñaïi döông: the Atlantic Ocean
 Caùc doøng soâng: The red River
 Caùc vuøng bieån: The red Sea 
Teân hoà soá ít: Lake Geneva, Lake Erie
Chaâu luïc: Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia
Teân caùc daõy nuùi: the Andes, the rocky mountains
Teân moät nuùi: Mount Everest, Mount Pinatubo
Moät vaät/ ngöôøi duy nhaát: 
 the earth, the moon, the sun, the Pope, the sky
Teân caùc haønh tinh: Venus, Mars, 
Danh töø tröøu töôïng: freedom, happiness
Teân caùc tröôøng hoïc coù: the School of Florida
 Teân caùc tröôøng ñaïi hoïc coù: the University of....
 Teân caùc tröôøng cao ñaúng coù: the College of....
Teân tröôøng hoïc baét ñaàu danh töø rieâng:
Quang Trung Secondary School
Hung Vuong University, Hong Bang College 
Soá thöù töï ñöùng tröôùc danh töø: the first World War
Soá ñeám ñi sau danh töø: World war one, chapter two
Teân caùc nöôùc goàm nhieàu töø: the U.S, the U.K
Teân caùc nöôùc goàm moät töø: France, Vietnam 
Teân caùc nhaïc cuï: the guitar, the piano
Teân caùc moân theå thao: baseball, volleyball, soccer
Teân caùc cuoäc chieán: the Korean war
Nhöõng töø khoâng bò giôùi haïn nghóa: breakfast, lunch, dinner, church, school, college, home, work, hospital 
A or An? The general rule is that we use a before a consonant and an before a vowel: 
a bowl, a car,a dog, but... an ant, an elephant, an insect, an orange, an urn
But, what is important here is not the way a word is written, but the way it sounds. We choose a or an depending on the sound at the beginning of the word and whether it is a vowel sound or a consonant sound. 
For example, take the word uniform. Although it begins with a vowel - u - when we write it, when we say it the first sound is /y/ which is a consonant: uniform is pronounced ‘/junɪfɔːm/ so we say a uniform 
One word which is often confused is hotel. Some people pronounce this word as /həʊˈtɛl/ so they would write: 
a hotel. But other people pronounce this word as /əʊˈtɛl/ and so they would write: an hotel
 The Zero Article does not exist. It is a useful term to use when describing how to use articles. Essentially when we talk about the zero article, we mean that we don’t use any article in front of a noun. 
For example, when we use a noun with a preposition, we often do not use an article (that is, we just use the noun on its own): 
I went to school but left my books at home. Mother was in church and father at sea; Grandfather came to dinner later by train and Grandmother managed to escape from prison to join us.
When we talk about an institution, we use the zero article.
The definite article doesn't change. It is always the whether the noun is masculine, feminine or neuter, singular or plural. We use the definite article - the - when we talk about a singular or plural noun which refers to a particular member of a a group. 
The woman.The man.The door.The doors.
Prior Reference 
We often use the after the noun has already been mentioned. For example: 
An Englishman, an Irishman and a Sctosman walk into a pub. The Englishman ordered a bitter; the Irishman ordered a Guiness and the Scotsman ordered a whisky.
The first time we mention the noun we use the indefinite article and from then on we use the definite article. 
Known Reference 
If both speakers know what they are talking about they can use the even though the noun may not have been mentioned before. In other words, it is implied that the noun has already been mentioned. 
Excuse me, do you know what the time is?
Where's the toilet?
In these examples, the speaker assumes that the listener knows what is being talked about. 
Miscellanous In addition, the is used in the following special circumstances 
Exceptions include: the Hague; the Matterhorn; the Mall; the White House, the United States of America 
We use the definite article - the - when we talk about a singular or plural noun which refers to a particular member of a a group. 
In this example the group is all men; we want to reference a particular man so we say: The man in the hat.
Compare this with the indefinite article which refers to any man in the group: A man in a hat.
parts of day/night 
midnight, midday, noon, night 
days 
Monday, Tuesday 
superlatives 
the highest, the biggest, the oldest 
festivals 
Easter 
ordinals 
the third man, the sixth wife 
seasons & months 
Winter, February 
oceans, seas 
the Pacific, the Black Sea 
years
1961, 1995, 2000
inventions 
the wheel, the internal combustion engine 
buildings 
Buckingham Palace, number 10 
titles 
the Queen, the President, the chairperson 
streets 
Acacia Avenue, Pall Mall, Sunset Boulevard 
rivers & canals 
the Thames, the Nile, the Suez 
airports 
Heathrow, Gatwick 
public buildings 
the Sheraton, the Red Lion, the Natural History Museum 
cities & towns 
London, New York, Tokyo, Sydney, Cairo 
newspapers 
The Independent, The Daily Mirror, The Times 
mountains 
Everest, K2, Mont Blanc 
families 
the Browns, the Bushes 
countries 
America, Britain, Arabia 
countries of union 
the United States, the United Arab Emirates 
continents 
Africa, Asia, America, Europe 
jobs
He is an artist and his wife is a plumber.
beliefs
He is a Buddhist and his wife is an atheist.
people 
Joe, Mrs Smith 
ships 
the Bismarck, the Lusitanian 
magazines 
Cosmopolitan, Time 
mountain chains 
the Alps, the Highlands 
games 
football, tennis, bar billiards 
instruments 
the piano, the bag pipes 
nationalities 
He is an American and she is a Swede.
COMPARISONS
 A/ So saùnh baèng: (equality)
 S + V + AS ADJ/ ADV AS + S
 B/ So saùnh hôn: (Comparatives)
 Tính töø ngaén: S + V + ADJ/ADV- ER + THAN + S2 
 Tính töø daøi:	S + V + MORE + ADJ/ ADV + THAN + S2
 C/ So saùnh nhaát; (Superlatives)
 Tính töø ngaén: S + V + THE ADJ –EST + N. 
 Tính töø daøi:	S + V + THE MOST + ADJ + N.
This new house is as expensive as that one.
He ran faster than his friends did.
Films are more interesting than plays.
Ex: He is more intelligent than Peter.
Nam is the youngest student in his class
Winter is the coldest in the year. 
 Note: - Tính töø ngaén: 1 vaàn vaø 2 vaàn nhö: happy, pleasant, quiet
 - Tính töø daøi: caùc tính töø 2 vaàn trôû leân nhö : interesting, beautiful, expensive
 - So saùnh caùc tính töø ñaëc bieät: good → better/ the best; bad → worse/ the worst; 
 little → less/ the least;many → more/ the most; far → farther/ further/ the farthest/ further
PREPOSITIONS
With IN: the morning, august, summer, 2006, uniform, hospital, bed, the world, debt, prison, English, the center of, the middle of, some ways, addition, Vietnam, London, ink, the past/ future, case
 With ON: Monday, Saturday morning, holiday, radio, subject, foot, a farm, a chair, the beach, the phone, Christmas Day, the occasion, the south coast of, a picnic, the way to, time, a street, a floor, the right/ left, sale, the corner
With AT: 5 o’clock, first, last, present, the moment, 16 years old, the age of (15), home, school, the bus stop, the same time, a party, Mary’s house, the end of, the beginning of, night, least, once, times, work
With others: for a week/ fun/ reading/ a walk - from Paris to London, from nine to five- By Nguyen Du, by shooting, by then, by the way, by far, by accident by car/ bus/ taxi/ plane - with smoke, with hands, out of date/ work/ order 
ADJ+ Prep: amazed, amused, delighted at – afraid of, angry with, bad at, good at, different from, fond to, familiar with, famous for, proud of, interested in, kind to/ of, pleased with, useful for, worried about, similar to, accustomed to
VERBS + Prep: borrow from, compare with, crowd into, laugh at, look at/ after/ for/up, prepare for, participate, think of ,prefer...to, succeed.. in, take part in, take care of, tell about, take.. to about, tune into, keep in touch, consist of
NOUN + Prep: love for, habit of/ aspect of, sight of, means of, reason for, method of, pair of 
SOME SENTENCE PATTERNS
S + V + Adj/ n 
 ( be, look, keep, seem, taste, sound, become)
Jack looked very worried.
The food tastes delicious.
 2. S + V + Adv (walk, drive, talk, close, rise. come)
He is careful. He drives slowly.
 3. S + V + O + adv ( watch, read, meet, make, see)
He watched T.V every night.
 4. S + V + O + C (make, elect, declare, consider)
 ( think, believe, find)
 (keep, make, let, have)
 (regard, recognize, appoint, consider)
We made Frank armchair.
I find the lesson too boring.
Sad movie makes me cry.
They regard him as an excellent player.
 5. S + V + I.O + D.O = S + V + D.O+ to/ for + I.O
 (give, teach, show, award, offer, lend +to // buy, make+ for)
Mary teaches me English.= He teaches English to me
My mother bought me a hat. = She bought it for me
 6. S + V + prep + O (look at, wait for, cope with, rely on, depend on, complain/talk about, smile at)
I have been waiting for you for an hour.
He looks at himself in the mirror.
 7. S + V + prep + O = S + V + O (pro) + prep
 (put on/off, take off, turn on /off, throw away, see off
He puts on his shoes. = He puts them on.
I turn on the light, and then I turn it off.
 8. S + V + O + noun clause
 (learn, know, show, discover, decide, understand)
I can understand what you said.
He showed me where the bank was.
 9. There (be) + noun + prep phrase
There is some water in the jar.
There were many students in the yard.
EXPRESSIONS OF QUALITY
1 - SOME: Trong caâu khaúng ñònh/ lôøi môøi: - Duøng vôùi danh töø soá ít khoâng ñeám ñöôïc vaø soáâ nhieàu ñeám ñöôïc:	 	Ex: I like some milk. Would you like some milk?
 2 - ANY: Trong caâu phuû ñònh vaø nghi vaán - Duøng vôùi danh töø soá ít khoâng ñeám ñöôïc vaø soáâ nhieàu ñeám ñöôïc:
 Ex: I don’t like any milk. Do you like any milk?
* Caùc ñaïi töø someone, somebody, something, noone, nothing, nobody, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody cuõng duøng theo caùch treân. Chuù yù No = Not + any: nobody = not any body
3. MANY / A LARGE NUMBER OF/ A GREAT NUMBER OF/: (nhieàu) Duøng vôùi danh töø soáâ nhieàu ñeám ñöôïc:
	Ex: He has many books.
	Ex: A large number of students in our school are good. 
4. MUCH / A LARGE AMOUNT OF/ A GREAT DEAL OF /: (nhieàu) Duøng vôùi danh töø soá ít khoâng ñeám ñöôïc:
	Ex: He has much time to play.
	Ex: A large amount of 
 * How much/ How many cuõng duøng theo caùch treân:
Ex: How many eggs does she want? - She wants a dozen eggs.
 Ex: How much beef do you want? - I want 200grams of beef.
5. PLENTY OF/ A LOT OF / LOTS OF (nhieàu) Duøng vôùi danh töø ñeám ñöôïc vaø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc:
 Ex: He has plenty of books. 	 Ex: He has plenty of time to play.
 * Very/ too/ so/ as + many/ much + noun
 	Ex: There is too much bad news on T.V tonight
6. FEW / A FEW/ LITTLE / A LITTLE: (ít, moät ít, moät vaøi) 
A. FEW: (raát ít yù phuû ñònh) 
 + Duøng vôùi danh töø soáâ nhieàu ñeám ñöôïc
 Ex: I feel lonely because I have a few friends there.
B. A FEW: (moät vaøi yù khaúng ñònh)
 + Duøng vôùi danh töø soáâ nhieàu ñeám ñöôïc
 Ex: You can see a few houses on the hill.
C. LITTLE: (raát ít yù phuû ñònh) 
 + Duøng vôùi danh töø soáâ ít khoâng ñeám ñöôïc
 	Ex: I have very little time for reading. 
D. A LITTLE: (moät ít, moät chuùt yù khaúng ñònh)
 + Duøng vôùi danh töø soáâ ít khoâng ñeám ñöôïc
 	Ex: I need a little help to move these books.
7. More, less, fewer:
A. FEWER: So saùnh hôn cuûa (few - a few) 
 - Duøng keøm vôùi danh töø ñeám ñöôïc soá nhieàu
 S + V + fewer + ADJ / Noun + than + S 
 Ex: He has fewer days off than we.
B. LESS: So saùnh hôn cuûa (little - a little) 
	- Duøng keøm vôùi danh töø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc hoaëc keøm vôùi tính töø 
 S + V + Less + ADJ / Noun + than + S 	Ex: He is less scared now.
 Do you have less free time than Hoa?
 C. MORE: So saùnh hôn cuûa (a lot of / many /much) 
 - Duøng keøm vôùi danh töø ñeám ñöôïc hoaëc khoâng ñeám ñöôïc 
	Ex: Do you have more hours than Hoa?
 - Duøng keøm vôùi tính töø daøi (Töø 2 vaàn trôû leân) - S + V + More + ADJ / Noun + than + S. 
	Ex: He is more tired than I.
8. MOST / MOST OF: (Phaàn lôùn, haàu heát)
	A. MOST + NOUN ( soá nhieàu :Most children / hoaëc khoâng ñeám ñöôïc: Most coffee)
 	Ex: Most children are fond of sweets.
	Ex: Most coffee