The pronunciation of the endings: -s/es and -ed

12. THE PRONUNCIATION Of THE ENDINGS: -S/ES and -ED
A. C¸ch ph¸t ©m ®u«i S/ES cña ®éng tõ ng«i thø ba sè Ýt, danh tõ sè nhiÒu
² Đäc lµ /S/ nÕu sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng c¸c ©m nh­ /k/, /p/, /f// (-gh, -ph),/θ(-th),/t/.
Plural nouns
3rd – singular verbs
 /p/
 /t/
 /f/
 /k/
 /θ/
maps /mæps/
cats / kæts /
laughs / lɑ:fs /
books / buks /
lengths / leηθs /
stops / stops/
calculates /'kælkjuleits/
laughs / la:fs /
attacks / ə'tæks /
² Đäc lµ /IZ/ sau c¸c tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /ks/ (-x), /∫/ (sh), /t∫/ (-ch), /s/ (-ss), /dʒ/ (-ge), /ʒ/ (ze), /z/ (-se, -z)).
Plural nouns
3rd – singular verbs
/s/
/ks/
/ ∫ /
/t∫/ 
/ʒ/
/dʒ/
/z/
glasses
boxes
wishes
churches
garages
pages
bruises
misses
mixes
washes
matches
massages
stages
rises
² Đäc lµ /Z/ sau c¸c tõ tËn cïng b»ng c¸c phô ©m cßn l¹i, vµ tÊt c¶ c¸c nguyªn ©m.
Plural nouns
3rd – singular verbs
 /b/
 /v/
 /d/
 /g/
 /l/
 /m/
 /n/
 /η/
 /ou/
 /ei/
 /e /
cubs
caves
beds
eggs
hills
rooms
pens
rings
potatoes
days
hairs
robs
lives
reads
digs
fills
comes
learns
brings
goes
plays
wears
*Notes:
I. Choose the word that show the –s ending is pronounced. 
/s/
/z/
/iz/
/s/
/z/
/iz/
1.
potatoes
8,
reads
2.
cooks
9.
massages
3.
rubs
10.
laughs
4. 
rises
11.
caves
5.
length
12.
plays
6.
calculates
13.
maps
7.
rose’s
14.
daniel’s
Exercise 1: Circle the word which has the underlined part pronounced as:
0./s/ chores	brothers	shifts
1./z/	halves	dates	kits
2./s/	speaks	bags	days
3./s/	activities	parents	feelings
4./z/	hours	projects	takes
5./z/	pets	loves	laughs
6./s/	photographs	stays	questions
7./z/	weekends	basts	months
8./iz/	problems	shares	washes
9./iz/	physics	watches	nights	
10./iz/	jobs	joins	misses
Exercise 2: Choose the underlined words has pronouced differntly from the others.
A. neighbors 	B. friends 	 C. relatives 	D. photographs
A. snacks 	B. follows 	C. titles 	D. writers
A. streets 	B. phones 	C. books 	D. makes
A. cities 	B. satellites 	C. series 	D. workers
A. develops 	B. takes 	C. laughs 	D. volumes
A. explains 	B. wakes 	C. phones 	D. names
A. phones 	B. streets 	C. books 	D. makes
A. proofs 	B. regions 	C. lifts 	D. rocks
A. involves 	B. believes 	C. suggests 	D. steals
A. serves 	B. blocks 	C. banks 	D. tourists
A. remembers 	B. cooks	C. walls 	D. pyramids
A. miles 	B. words 	C. accidents 	D. names
A. sports 	B. plays 	C. households 	D. minds
A. makes 	B. views 	C. reads 	D. decides 
A. albums 	B. tanks 	C. shops 	D. plants
A. gets 	B. loves	 C. sings 	D. buys
A. collects 	B.cooks	C. swims 	D. claps
A. stamps 	B. friends 	C. relatives 	D. guitars
A. envelops 	B. tunes 	C. books 	D. guitarists
A. athletics 	B. participants C. efforts 	D. skills
A. things 	B. engineers 	C. scientists 	D. individuals
A. parks 	B. animals 	C. planets 	D. environments
A. helps 	B. provides 	C. documents 	D. texts
B. C¸ch ph¸t ©m ®u«i ED cña ®éng tõ cã quy t¾c.
² Đäc lµ /id/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /d/ hoÆc /t/.
 	need – needed decide – decided	want – wanted 	start – started
² Đäc lµ /t/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /k/, /p/, /f/ (-gh,-ph), /s/, /∫/ (-sh), /t∫/ (-ch), /θ/ (-th), /ks/ (-x)
 wash – washed book – booked stop – stopped	watch – watched fax – faxed....
² Đäc lµ /d/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng c¸c ©m cßn l¹i.
 play – played plan – planned offer – offered	bathe – bathed call – called borrow – borrowed
*Notes:
* C¸c tÝnh tõ tËn cïng b»ng ED th× ®u«i ED còng ®­îc ph¸t ©m nh­ c¸ch ph¸t ©m cña ®éng tõ cã quy t¾c. Tuy nhiªn, mét sè tÝnh tõ cæ tËn cïng b»ng -ed, hoÆc mét sè tr¹ng tõ tËn cïng b»ng -edly, th× -ed ®­îc ph¸t ©m lµ /id/.
Adjectives:
/id/ 	naked : kháa th©n	crooked : cong, o»n	ragged : nhµu, cò	wretched : khèn khæ
rugged : gå ghÒ	learned : uyªn b¸c
Adverbs:
/id/ deservedly : xøng ®¸ng	 supposedly: cho lµ	markedly : mét c¸ch râ rµng, ®¸ng chó ý	 allegedly : cho r»ng
Exercise1: Check the correct column according to how the ed- is pronounced:
	Talked, missed, naked, called, occurred, wretched, invited, polluted, studied, closed, laughed, markedly, collected, rugged, watched, rented, robbed, devervedly, looked, ended, demanded, washed, started, needed, boiled, enjoyed, plugged, named, singed, faxed, followed, filled, robbed, passed, finished, printed, explained, waited, wailed, exceeded, played, stayed, showed, worked, touched.
/ d /
/ t /
/ id /
Exercise 2: Choose the underlined words has pronouced differntly from the others.
A. invited 	B. attended 	C. celebrated	D. displayed
A. removed 	B. washed 	C. hoped 	D. missed
A. knocked	B. naked 	C. stopped 	D. called
A. looked 	B. laughed 	C. moved 	D. stepped
A. wanted 	B. parked 	C. stopped 	D. watched
A. laughed	B. passed 	C. suggested 	D. placed
A. believed 	B. prepared 	C. involved 	D. liked
A. lifted	B. lasted 	C. happened 	D. decided
A. practiced 	B. ranged 	C. washed 	D. touched
A. collected 	B. changed 	C. formed 	D. viewed
A. walked 	B. entertained 	C. reached 	D. looked
A. watched 	B. stopped 	C. pushed 	D. improved
A. approached 	B. stocked 	C. developed 	D. painted
A. admired	B. looked 	C. missed 	D. hoped
A. played 	B. admired 	C. liked 	D. called
A. collected 	B. discarded 	C. watched 	D. wanted
A. placed 	B. practiced 	C. stopped 	D. named
A. hoped 	B. attracted 	C. added 	D. participated
A. equipped	B. delivered 	C. transferred 	 D. received
A. worked 	B. pumped 	C. watched 	D. contented
A. sponsored	B. answered 	C. enjoyed 	D. locked
A. played 	B. traveled 	C. stayed 	D. looked
A. dived 	B. stopped 	C. cooked 	D. replaced
A. protected 	B. destroyed 	C. included 	D. needed
A. stationed 	B. belonged 	C. established 	D. studied
A. parked 	B. watched 	C. endangered 	D. stopped
A. studied	B. raised 	C. played 	D. worked