Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME
MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thường bắt đầu bằng các trạng từ chỉ thời gian như: when, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as, 
- Sự phối hợp giữa động từ trong mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian:
Main clause (Mệnh đề chính)
Adverbial clause of time (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
1. TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ
Ex: I will wait here until she comes back.
2. TLĐ + after + HTHT
Ex: He will go home after he has finished his work.
3. While / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ
Ex: While I was going to school, I met my friend.
4. QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD
Ex: It started to rain while the boys were playing football.
5. QKTD + while + QKTD
Ex: Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games.
6. HTHT + since + QKĐ
Ex: I have worked here since I graduated.
7. TLHT + by / by the time + HTĐ
Ex: He will have left by the time you arrive.
8. QKHT + by the time / before + QKĐ
Ex: He had left by the time I came.
9. After + QKHT, QKĐ
Ex: After I had finished my homework, I went to bed.
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
Unrated
Các mệnh đề đi sau Until, After, Before, When là những mệnh đề phụ. Chúng phải được đi kèm với mệnh đề chính thì câu mới rõ cấu trúc cú pháp.
- Có thể đảo trật tự của từng mệnh đề trong câu với điều kiện là nếu mệnh đề when, after, before, until đi trước thì phải có dấu phẩy trước mệnh đề chính.
VD: I'll stop explaining to you about this until you can master
= Until you can master, i'll stop explaining this to you.
(Tôi sẽ thôi... khi bạn nắm được vấn đề)
- Các mệnh đề này, không phải là không được chia với thì tương lai nhưng rất hiếm.
- Các liên từ trên (trừ Until) mình để đầu hàng để bạn dễ thấy hơn 
Until: Cho đến khi
1. Simple past + until + simple past: Khi hành động của mệnh đề chính đi trước kéo dài cho đến hành động của mệnh đề đi sau
- I waited here until it was dark (Tôi đã ở lại đây đến khi trời tối)
2. Simple past + past perfect: Nhấn mạnh hành động ở mệnh đề Until với nghĩa là đã hoàn thành trước hành động kia
- He read the book until no-one had been there (Anh ta đọc sách tới khi chẳng còn ai ở đó nữa cả)
Có nghĩa là khi mọi người trong thư viện đã về từ lâu rồi thì anh ta vẫn say mê đọc sách.
3. Simple future + Until + Present simple/ Present perfect: Dùng với nghĩa là sẽ làm gì cho đền khi hoàn thành việc gì đó
- I won't go to bed until i have finished my homework. (Tôi sẽ đi ngủ khi làm xong bài tập)
= I will go to bed until i finish my homework.
- We'll stayed here until the rain stops.
 After: Sau khi
1. After + past perfect, + simple past = Past perfect + before + past perfect: Sau khi đã kết thúc việc gì mới làm việc gì (QK)
- After i had finished the test, i went home (Khi kiểm tra xong tôi mới về nhà)
= I had finished the test before i went home
2. After + simple past, + simple present: Sự việc trong quá khứ và kết quả hiện tại
- After everything happened, we are still good friends (Sau những chuyện xảy ra, chúng tôi vẫn là những người bạn tốt)
3. After simple past, + simple past: Sự việc trong quá khứ và kết quả trong quá khứ
- After everything happened, we quarelled over dishonesty.
(Sau mọi chuyện [ không tốt ], chúng tôi đã cãi vã nhau về tính không trung thực) 
4, After + simple present / present perfect, + simple future: Sau khi làm việc gì sẽ làm tiếp việc khác (HT / TL)
- After i come to the station, i'll call you (Sau khi đến ga anh sẽ gọi cho em)
 Before: Trước khi.
Cách chia thì của nó thì ngược lại với after.
1. Before + simple past, + past perfect: Tương tự như phần 1 của mục II.
2. Before + simple present, + simple future / simple present: Trước khi làm gì thì sẽ làm một cái gì đó
- Before i leave, i'll give you a gift (Trước khi đi, anh sẽ tặng em một món quà)
- Before i leave, i want to make sure that no-one can know about this
(Trước khi đi tôi muốn biết chắc chắn rằng không có ai biết được chuyện này)
 When: Khi
1. When + present simple, + simple future / simple present: Khi làm thế nào thì (sẽ)... (ở HT / TL)
When you see it yourself, you'll surely believe it.
(Khi em thấy tận mắt, em sẽ tin nó thôi)
2. When + simple past, + past perfect: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và hoàn tất trước hành động ở mệnh đề when.
When i just got out of the classroom, i knew that i had made some mistakes.
(Khi mới bước ra khỏi phòng, tôi nhận ra là mình đã mắc một số lỗi)
3. When + simple past, + simple past: Diễn tả hai hành động xảy ra gần nhau, hoặc là một hành động vừa dứt thì hành động khác xảy ra.
- When the rock concert given by Erick Clapton ended, we went home
(Khi buổi nhạc rock của Ẻick Clapton kết thúc, chúng tôi ra về)
4. When + past continuous (clear point of time - thời gian cụ thể), + simple past: Khi một hành động đang diễn ra thì một hành động khác xảy đến
When we were playing football at 5.30p.m yesterday, there was a terrible explosion
(Vào lúc 5h30 chiều qua, khi đang chơi bóng thì bọn tôi chợi nghe thấy một tiếng nổ lớn)
5. When + simple past, + past continuous: Tương tự như phần 4, nhưng nghĩ chỉ khác một chút
When we came, he was taking a bath
(Khi bọn tôi đến thì cậu ta đang tắm)
6. When + past perfect, + simple past: Hành động ở mệnh đề when xảy ra trước (kết quả ở QK)
When the opportunity had passed, i only knew that there was nothing could be done
(Khi cơ hội không còn tôi mới biết mình đã chẳng còn làm gì được nữa rồi)
7. When simple past, + simple present: Tương tự như mục 6 nhưng hành động sau ở hiện tại
When the opportunity passed, i know there's nothing can be done.
(Khi cơ hội tuột mất, tôi biết là chẳng còn làm gì được nữa)
 Time clause!
1. WHEN + S + V1, S + WILL +V2
Ex:When I seeyou tomorrow,I will give it to you
Trong trường hợp này,cho ta thấy thêm một chú ý,mệnh đề "when" KHÔNG chia ở future
2. WHEN + S + V1, S + WILL BE + V-ING
Ex:When you readthis letter,I will be visitingFrance.
3. WHEN + S + V1, S + WILL + HAVE + P.P(past participle)
Ex:When you readthis letter,i will have been in France for 5 year.
4. WHEN + S + V2, S + was/were +V-ING
Ex:When I came,they were sleeping.
5. WHEN + S + V2,S + V2
Ex:When I wound the alarm clock,it wentwrong.
6. WHILE + S + WAS/WERE + V-ING,S + WAS/WERE + V-ING
Ex:While I was reading books,my mother was cooking
Đây là trường hợp thì tiếp diễn được chia ở mệnh đề thời gian.
7. BEFORE + S + V2, S + HAD + P.P
Ex:Before I wentto the cinema.I had doneall my homework.
8. AFTER + S + HAD + P.P, S + V2
Ex:After I had donemy homework,I wentto the cinema.
9. S + HAD + HARDLY/NO SOONER + P.P WHEN/THAN + S +V2
Ex:She had hardly/no sooner gonehome when/than it rained
Chú ý:hardly...when ; no sooner....than
10. S + HAVE + P.P + SINCE + S + V2
Ex:Her knowledge has increasedsince she startedcollecting stamps.
Embedded sentences
Ex:I don't know where they are now.
BÀI TẬP MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN
I will call you before I ________ over.
A. come	B. will come	C. will be coming	D. came
2. After she graduates, she ________ a job.
A. got	B. will get	C. had got	D. get
3. When I _________ him tomorrow, I will ask him.
A. saw	B. have seen	C. will see	D. see
4. As soon as it _________ raining, we will leave.
A. stops	B. stop	C. had stopped	D. stopped
5. By the time he comes, we will have already __________.
A. leave	B. leaving	C. left	D. leaves
6. Whenever I ________ her, I say hello.
A. see	B. will see	C. will have seen	D. saw
7. The next time I go to New York, I am going ________ a ballet.
A. seeing	B. see	C. saw	D. to see
8. I will never speak to him again so long as I _______.
A. lives	B. will live	C. am living	D. live
9. By the time Bill ____ to bed tomorrow, he will have had a full day and will be ready for sleep.
A. had gone	B. will go	C. goes	D. went
10. As soon as I finish my report, I will call you and we ________ out for dinner.
A. went	B. will go	C. will have gone	D. go
11. By the time I return to my country, I _________ away from home for more than three years.
A. would be	B. will have been	C. will be	D. am
12. After he _______ breakfast tomorrow, he will get ready to go to work.
A. will have had	B. has	C. will be having	D. have
13. As soon as he finishes dinner, he _______ the children for a work to a nearby playground.
A. will take	B. takes	C. will be taking	D. took
14. When Bill gets home, his children ___________ in the yard.
A. played	B. will play	C. will be playing	D. play
15. He will work at his desk until he ______ to another meeting in the middle of the afternoon.
A. went	B. go	C. will go	D. goes
16. She ________ lunch by the time we arrived.
A. finished	B. has finished	C. had finished	D. finishing
17. Bob will come soon. When Bob _______, we will see him.
A. come	B. will come	C. will be coming	D. comes
18. I will get home at 5:30. After I get home, I ________ dinner.
A. will have	B. will be having	C. had	D. have
19. As soon as the taxi _________, we will be able to leave for the airport.
A. arrives	B. arrive	C. will arrive	D. arrived
20. I will go to bed after I _________my work.
A. finish	B. finished	C. will finish	D. finishes
21. I ________ here when you arrive tomorrow.
A. am	B. had been	C. could be	D. will be
22. I am going to wait right here until Jessica ________.
A. comes	B. will have come	C. is coming	D. came
23. As soon as the war ________over, there will be great joy throughout the land.
A. are	B. will be	C. is	D. would be
24. Right now the tide is low, but when the tide comes in, the ship ______ the harbor.
A. left	B. will leave	C. will have left	D. leave
25. I am going to start making dinner before my wife ______ home from work today.
A. get	B. gets	C. will get	D. got
 Identify the underlined part that needs correction: 
26. When it raining, I usually go to school by bus. 
 A B C D
27. I learned a lot of Japanese while I am in Tokyo.
 A B C D
28. I have not been well since I return home.
 A B C D
29. I’ll stay here until will you get back.
 A B C D 
30. When Sam was in New York, he stays with his cousins.
 A B C D
31. Last night, I had gone to bed after I had finished my homework.
 A B C D
32. I will call you before I will come over.
 A B C D
33. Ever since I was a child, I had been afraid of dogs.
 A B C D
34. By the time I left my apartment this morning, someone looked for me.
 A B C D
35. Whenever Mark will be angry, his nose gets red.
 A B C D
36. I had fried chicken when I am at the restaurant.
 A B C D
37. The first time that I went to New York, I go to an opera.
 A B C D
38. Before I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
 A B C D
39. When she will see him tomorrow, she will ask him.
 A B C D
40. As I was walking home, it begin to rain.
 A B C D
41. We stayed there after we finished our work.
 A B C D
42. Once it will stop raining, we will leave.
 A B C D
43. I will never speak to him again as long as I will live.
 A B C D
44. As soon as the other passengers gets on the bus, we’ll leave.
 A B C	D
45. As soon as I will finish my report, I’ll call you and we’ll go out to dinner.
 A B C D
46. Mark was listening to music after his sister was reading a book.
 A B C D
47. Sam hadn’t received the parcel when I speak to him.
 A B C D
48. I have been hoping to meet you before I read your first novel.
 A B C D
49. By the time you finishes getting ready, we will have missed the train.
 A B C D
50. When you will arrive, there will be someone to meet.
 A B C D