Ngữ pháp và bài tập Tiếng Anh – Lớp 11

 this school if I had known it was like.
14. We would have gone to his party if we (be) --------------------able to find a baby – sister.
15. . I (visit ) -----------------------you in the hospital if I had known you were there.
Exercises 3 : Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses
1.I might have enough time tonight.
→ If I (have)---------------------------- enough time, I (write) ------------------a letter to my cousin.
2. The weather is terrible today.
→ If the weather (be)-------------------------------- good, I (go) --------------for a five - mile - walk.
3. Mary didn’t come to my party last week.
→ If she (come)-------------------------- to my party, she (meet)----------------- my friends.
4. Snow is predicted for tomorrow.
→ If it (snow) ------------------------tomorrow, I( stay) ----------------------at home.
5. Jack didn’t study for the test. 
→ If he( study)--------------------------, he( pass) ------------------it.
6. Air plane tickets are expensive.
→ If they( be) ------------------cheap, I (fly)--------------------- to Ho Chi Minh city for weekend.
7. May be the weather will be nice tomorrow.
→ If the weather( be) -------------------nice, I( go)-------------------- for a long walk.
8. Unfortunately, I don’t have enough money.
→ If I( have) ------------------------enough money, I( buy)--------------------- a ticket to the rock concert.
9. I didn’t know it was your birthday yesterday.
→ If I( know) ---------------------it was your birthday yesterday. I (get)-------------------- you a present.
10. I’m tired.
→ If I (be not)---------------------- tired, I( help) ------------------------you.
­ Exercise: Rewrite these sentences:
Hurry up or we will be late for the last bus. 
à If 	
It was very cold yesterday, so we couldn’t go swimming. 
à If 	
He had a flu because he went out in the rain last night. 
à If 	
Ellen didn’t have much money in the bank, so she was very worried. 
à If 	
Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson. 
à Unless 	
She can’t buy the dictionary because she doesn’t have enough money. 
à If 	
­ Exercise: Choose the best answer:
If Jake ------------- to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A. doesn’t agree	B. didn’t agree	C. hadn’t agreed D. wouldn’t agree
If energy ------------- inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different.
A. is	B. will be	C. would be	D. were
Unless you ------------- all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.
A. answered	B. answer	C. would answer D. are answering
Had you told me that this was going to happen, I ------------- it.
A. hadn’t believed	B. don’t believe C. can’t believe D. would never have believed
-------------- interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.
A. If I am	B. Should I	C. I was	D. Were I
If I had enough money, --------------.
A. I will buy that house 	B. I am buy that house 
 C. I can buy that house 	D. I could buy that house
 Had I had time, I -------------- to the beach with you this weekend.
A. will come	B. would come	C. will have come D. would have come
If he -------------- that she was in the hospital, he -------------- to see her.
A. knows/ will come	B. knew/ would come 
C. had known/ would have come 	D. has known/will have come
If everything is all right, we -------------- our work on time.
A. complete	B. are completing	C. have completed D. will complete
If I were you, I would work hard.
A. You would rather not work so hard	B. You should work harder	
C. You should work with me.	D. Do not work so hard.
We didn’t visit the museum because we had no time. 	
A. If we have time, we will visit the museum. 
C. If we had had time, we would have visited the museum.
B. If we had time, we would visit the museum. 
D. If we had had time, we will have visited the museum.
 -------------- I have time, I will go with you. 
A. If	B. Unless	C. So	D. So that
 -------------- harder, you would have passed the exam.
A. If you studied	B. If had you studied	C. Had you studied D. Were you studied
If the police hadn’t saved me, I -------------- at that time.
A. will die 	B. would die	C. will have died D. would have died
-------------- at 4 o’clock, we would have missed seeing Bob.
A. If we had gone	B. Had we gone	C. because we had gone	D. A and B
RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ)
I. CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ:
1. WHO: 
- làm chủ từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
 .. N (person) + WHO + V + O 
2. WHOM:
- làm túc từ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
..N (person) + WHOM + S + V
3. WHICH:
- làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật
.N (thing) + WHICH + V + O
.N (thing) + WHICH + S + V
4. THAT:
 - có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định
* Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”:
- khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất
- khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last
- khi danh từ đi trước bao gôm cả người và vật
- khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none.
Ex: He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.
 It was the first time that I heard of it.
 These books are all that my sister left me.
 She talked about the people and places that she had visited.
* Các trường hợp không dùng that:
- trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
- sau giới từ
5. WHOSE: dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their, hoặc hình thức ‘s
..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V .
6. WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason.
..N (reason) + WHY + S + V 
Ex: I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason.
 → I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school.
7. WHERE: thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there
.N (place) + WHERE + S + V .
(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ex: a/ The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed t that hotel.
 → The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
 → The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t very clean.
8. WHEN: thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then
.N (time) + WHEN + S + V 
(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ex: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.
 → Do you still remember the day when we first met?
 → Do you still remember the day on which we first met?
 I don’t know the time. She will come back then.
 → I don’t know the time when she will come back.
II. CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clause): Được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ không xác định.
Ex: The city which I visited last summer is very beautiful.
 (Defining relative clause)
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định (Non-defining relative clause): Được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ xác định.
Ex: Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful.
 (Non-defining relative clause)
Note: để biết khi nào dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta lưu ý các điểm sau:
Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một danh từ riêng
Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their)
Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa la một danh từ đi với this , that, these, those
III. MỘT SỐ LƯU Ý TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:
1. Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom và which.)
Ex: Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.
 → Mr. Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher.
 → Mr. Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher.
2. Có thể dùng which thay cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước.
Ex: She can’t come to my birthday party. That makes me sad.
 → She can’t come to my birthday party, which makes me sad.
3. Ở vị trí túc từ, whom có thể được thay bằng who.
Ex: I’d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party.
IV. CÁCH RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:
1. Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm phân từ:
Mệnh đề quan hệ chứa các đại từ quan hệ làm chủ từ who, which, that có thể được rút gọn thành cụm hiện tại phân từ (V-ing) hoặc quá khứ phân từ (V3/ed).
* Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề chủ động thì rút thành cụm hiện tại phân từ (V-ing).
Ex: a/ The man who is standing over there is my father.
 → The man-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 b/ The couple who live next door to me are professors.
 → The couple------------------------------------------------------------------
* Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề bị động thì rút thành cụm quá khứ phân từ (V3/ed).
Ex: a/ The instructions that are given on the front page are very important.
 → The instructions--------------------------------------------------------------
 b/ The book which was bought by my mother is interesting.
 → The book--------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu:
Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) khi trước đại từ quan hệ có các cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hoặc hình thức so sánh bậc nhất.
Ex: a/ John was the last person that got the news.
 → John was the last person-------------------------------------
 b/ He was the best player that got the prize.
 → He was the best played---------------------------------------
 c/ He was the best player that we admire.
 → He was the best player------------------------------------------
­ Exercise: Choose the best answer:
The boy with -------------- I have talked is very successful student.
A. who	B. whom	C. that	D. for that
The composition -------------- by Jane was really interesting.
A. to write	B. writing	C. wrote	D. written
Fleming’s discovery of penicillin, --------------, had a major influence on the lives of people in the 20th century.
A. which was awarded the Nobel Prize B. which awarded the Nobel Prize
C. that he was awarded the Nobel Prize D. for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize
I want you to meet the woman --------------
A. who taught me how to drive	B. teaching me how to drive
C. that is taught me how to drive	D. who is taught me how to drive
Mr. Pike, -------------- is our boss, has just come back from Paris.
A. who	B. whom	C. that D. which
The girl -------------- is my new friend.
A. who is sitting on the bench 	B. that is sitting on the bench 
 C. sitting on the bench 	D. all are correct
We don’t know the reason -------------- Peter is absent today. 
A. who	B. which 	C. that	D. why
Dr Smith is a good surgeon. He lives next door.
A. Dr Smith that lives next door is a good surgeon. 
 B. Dr Smith who lives next door is a good surgeon.
 C. Dr Smith, who lives next door, is a good surgeon. 
 D. Dr Smith, whom lives next door, is a good surgeon.
The reading table -------------- I put my books is in the corner of the room. 
A. when	 B. where 	C. why D. whose
It is him -------------- helped me last night. 
 A. who B. that C. which	 D. whose
Anybody -------------- finishes that test early can leave. 	
A. that	B. whom 	C. why D. when
He is the good colleague --------------.
A. to work for us with	B. to us for working with	
 C. for working with us 	D. for us to work with
Mary was the last applicant -------------- by that interviewer.
A. to be interviewed	B. to be interviewing	
 C. to have interviewed	D. to interview
I’m hungry. Is there any food -------------- ? 	
A. to be eaten	B. to eat 	C. eating D. for me eating
Dien Bien Phu is a place -------------- our army won a resounding victory in 1954. 
A. where 	B. what	C. which	D. that
Reduce relative clauses into relative phrases
Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
@	
Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
@	
John, who was taken by surprise, hardly knew what to say.
@	
The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
@	
We drove along the road that was still flooded after the heavy rain.
@	
The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress
@	
The wild ox which is kept at Nam Cat Tien National Park is of a special kind
@	
The helicopter which was flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
@ 	
Combine sentence using: preposition + whom/which
The movie was interesting. We went to it.
@	
I couldn’t understand the woman. I talked to her on the phone. 
@	
I want to tell you about the party. I went to it last night. 
@	
The music was gentle. We listened to it last night.
@	
Alice likes the foreign family. She is living with them. 
@	
The market has refresh vegetables. I usually go to it.
@	
The man is over there. I told you about him. 
@	
The film is fantastic. They are talking about it. 
@	
She’s the nurse. We gave the flowers to her. 
@	
The teacher is Mr Pike. We studied with him last year.
@	
Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ sử dụng Ving, V hoặc Vto 
Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon 
@	
I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
@	
The children who attend that school receive a good education. 
@	
The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress. 
@	
They live in a house that was built in 
@	
We have an apartment which overlooks the park. 
@	
Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flied into space. 
@	
We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building. 
@	
I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country
@	
The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals. 
@	
Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ?
@	
The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. 
@	
I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
@	
They live in a house that was built in 
@	
He was the first man who left the burning building. 
@	
The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors 
@	
The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. 
@	
The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher. 
@	
Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting ?
@	
Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning. 
@	
The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries. 
@	
He was the only man who reached the top. 
@	
He is always the first who comes and the last who goes. 
@	
People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss. 
@	
He was the second man who was saved in the fire. 
@	
I haven’t got anything that I could open a bottle of wine with. 
@	
The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island. 
@	
The fifth man who was interviewed was completely unsuitable. 
@	
This is the third who is late for the meeting today. 
@	
Am I the next person who joins the interview ?
@	
CLEFT SENTENCES (Câu chẻ)
Câu chẻ được dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần của câu như chủ ngữ, túc từ hay trạng từ
1. Nhấn mạnh chủ từ (Subject focus)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + V + O 
Ex: My brother collected these foreign stamps.
 → It was my brother who collected these foreign stamps.
b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + V + O 
Ex: Her absence at the party made me sad.
 → It was her absence at the party that made me sad.
2. Nhấn mạnh túc từ (Object focus)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who(m) + S + V
Ex: I met Daisy on the way to school.
 → It was Daisy who(m) I met on the way to school.
Note: Khi nhấn mạnh túc từ ta có thể dùng who thay cho whom nhưng khi nhấn mạnh chủ từ thì không dùng whom thay cho who.
b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + S + V 
Ex: My brother bought an old motorbike from our neighbor.
 → It was an old motorbike that my brother bought from our neighbor.
3. Nhấn mạnh trạng từ (Adverbial focus)
It + is / was + Adverbial phrase + that + S + V 
Ex: - We first met in December.
→ It was in December that we first met.
- Phan Thanh Gian was born in this village.
→ It was in this village that Phan Thanh Gian was born.
4. Câu chẻ bị động (Cleft sentences in the passive)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + be + P.P
Ex: Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.
→ It was that singer who was given a lot of flowers.
b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + be + P.P
Ex: People talk about this film.
→ It is this film that is talked about.
- Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.
→ It was a lot of flowers that were given to that singer.
Rewrite the sentences to focus attention on the underlined information. Using structure” it is / was ... that” 
21. She bought the car from Tom. 
..
22. My secretary sent the bill to Mr. Harding yesterday. 
..
23. We are coming to stay with Jane this weekend. 
..
24. The president makes the important decisions. 
..
25. I’m looking forward to physics exam. 
..
26. I lost my wallet somewhere in there. 
..
27. I was born and grew up in the village.
..
28. My teacher helped me a lot of with my study last semester.
..
29. The headmaster gave Tam a bicycle as a scholarship.
..
30. Your carelessness caused the accident
..
CONJUNCTIONS (Liên từ)
Các liên từ cặp đôi như both  and, not only  but also, either or, neither  nor được dùng để cấu tạo cấu trúc song hành. Từ, cụm từ hay mệnh đề được nối liền bởi những liên từ này luôn có cùng cấu trúc, chức năng hoặc từ loại.
1. both  and (vừa vừa , cả lẫn )
Ex: She is both intelligent and beautiful. (adjectives)
 Both his brother and his sister are students. (nouns)
Note: Khi hai chủ từ được nối liền bởi both  and, động từ ở hình thức số nhiều.
2. not only  but also (không những / chỉ  mà còn)
Ex: He studies not only English but also French. (nouns)
 The film was not only boring but also long. (adjectives)
 She not only sings beautifully but also plays the piano well.
3. either or (hoặc hoặc)
Ex: You either must work hard or will fail. (verbs)
 Either you or he is going to be on duty. (pronouns)
4. neither  nor (không  cũng không)
Ex: She likes neither tea nor coffee. (nouns)
 My father neither smokes nor drinks. (verbs)
Note: 
- Khi hai chủ từ được nối bởi not only  but also, either  or, neither  nor, động từ hòa hợp với chủ từ ngay trước nó.
Ex: Not only his friends but also his brother gives him presents.
- Khi not only  but also nối liền hai mệnh đề và đứng đầu câu, chúng ta phải đảo ngữ mệnh đề thứ nhất.
Ex: Not only does he speak English but he also speaks French.
- Động từ trong câu có cặp liên từ neither  nor luôn ở dạng khẳng định
Ex: My father neither smokes nor drinks.
Exercise:
4. Both Son and Vinh like English. __________ of them likes literature. 
A. None 	B. Neither 	C. Either 	D. Both 
5. His recreations include golf, football and shooting. .
A. sports 	B. activities 	C. pastimes 	D. pleasures
6. In Britain, the most common leisure activities are home-based. 
A. regular 	B. popular 	C. standard 	D. distinctive
5. Neither she nor I ________ responsible for that. It isn’t our duty. 
A. are 	B. is 	C. am 	D. have 
7. It is ___ that can speak 6 languages in our office.
A. he 	B. him	C. his 	D. her 
8. My parents want me to study to behave well.
A. either/or B. neither/nor 	 	C. either/both 	 	D. not only/but also
9. It is the event ____ a lot.
A. has been talked about	B. that has been talked bout
C. Has talked about	D. that has talked bout
10. She ____ hard but also gets on well with her classmates.
A. doesn’t only study	B. studies not only	
C. not only studies	D. not studies only
11. The hotel is neither spacious ____.
A. or comfortable 	B. nor comfortable 	C. or comfort 	D. nor comfort	
12. Not only John but also his two brothers ____ football as their recreation every weekend.
A. play 	B. plays 	C. were playing 	 	D. has play
13. Now women work both before ____ after having their children.
A. or	 	B. also	 	C. nor	D. and
14. Neither the TV nor the video sets ____ properly.
A. works 	B. work 	C. has worked 	D. is working
15. The most common____ activities in my country are home based.
A. test	B. leisure	C. practice	D. freedom
Combine each pair of sentences into one, using the conjunctions in brackets. 
18. She’s at the office. She’s at the airport. (Either ............. or) 
.........................................................................................................................
19. Paul’s at home. Paul’s at the gym. (Either .................... or) 
....................................................................................................................
20. Chris didn’t have time to take a holiday. Sheila didn’t have time to take a holiday.(neither .... nor) ......................................................................................................................
21. David doesn’t play tennis. David doesn’t play table-tennis. (Neither ......... nor) 
...................................................................................................................
22. Nam’s handsome. Nam’s intelligent. (Not only ................ but also) 
.......................................................................................................................
23. Mai plays the guitar well. Mai dances beautifully. (Not only ......... but also) 
.....................................................................................................................
24. You can have fish for dinner. You can have chicken for dinner. (Both ............. and) 
......................................................................................................................... 
25. They came late. They left early. (Not only ................. but also) 
.........................................