Tiếng Anh - Các dạng đề thường gặp về too... to, so.. that, such.. that, enough

Ôn thi vào lớp 10 môn tiếng Anh (phần 1)
CÁC DẠNG ĐỀ THƯỜNG GẶP VỀ TOO...TO, SO..THAT, SUCH..THAT, ENOUGH:
1) ĐỔI TỪ SO ..THAT SANG SUCH ....THAT: 
N + BE + SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE 
=> ĐẠI TỪ + BE ......
Cách làm :
Thêm such (a,an) đem tính từ xuống, đem danh từ xuống, từ that trở đi viết lại hết.
=> ĐẠI TỪ + BE SUCH (A,AN) ADJ + N + THAT CLAUSE 
The book is so interesting that I have read it many times.
It is .....
=> It is such an interesting book that I have read it many times.
Nếu danh từ là số ít hoặc không đếm được thì không có a, an 
2) ĐỔI TỪ SO ..THAT SANG TOO...TO :
Đề có dạng : S + BE +SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE 
=> S + BE + TOO....
Cách làm :
Thêm tính từ vào, bỏ can't, couldn't lấy từ động từ trở đi 
Nếu chủ từ 2 câu khác nhau thì thêm phần for sb
Nếu túc từ câu sau giống chủ từ câu đầu thì bỏ túc từ đó đi
=> S + BE + TOO + adj + (FOR SB) TO INF ...
The water is so hot that I can't drink it.
=> The water is too.....
=> The water is too hot for me to drink.
- Nếu đổi nguợc lại từ TOO...TO sang SO ..THAT thì thường sai nhất là việc quên thêm túc từ vào và chia sai thì.
3) ĐỔI TỪ TOO ...TO .. SANG ENOUGH:
Đề thường có dạng : S + BE + TOO + ADJ + TO INF......
=> S + BE NOT .....
Cách làm :
- Dùng tính từ phản nghĩa + enough 
- Viết lại hết phần sau
He is too weak to run fast 
=> He isn't ....
=> He isn't strong enough to run fast.
Ghi chú :Trong tất cả các cấu trúc trên nếu chổ BE là V thì ADV sẽ thay cho ADJ
Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1) The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it.
=> It is ....
2) The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him.
=> He is ....
3) The film is so long that they can't broadcast it on one night.
=> It is .....
4) The books are so interesting that we have read them many times.
=> They are.....
5) The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it.
=> It was....
6) The food was so hot that it turned my tongue.
=> It was.....
7) There is so much rain that we can't go out.
=> There is such....
8) The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy.
=> He is ....
9) The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more.
=> It is ....
10) The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden.
=> It was....
11) There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him.
=> There were such...
12) The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly.
=> It was...
13) They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night.
=> They drunk such.....
14) Alice had so many exercises to do that she couldn't go out.
=> Alice had such.....
15) The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help.
=> She was .....
Đáp án:
1) The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it.
=> It is such a tidy room that it took us one hour to clean it.
2) The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him.
=> He is such a fool man that no one took any notice of him.
3) The film is so long that they can't broadcast it on one night.
=> It is such a long film that they can't broadcast it on one night.
4) The books are so interesting that we have read them many times.
=> They are such interesting books that we have read them many times.
5) The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it.
=> It was such bad news that she burst into tears on hearing it.
6) The food was so hot that it turned my tongue.
=> It was such hot food that it turned my tongue.
7) There is so much rain that we can't go out.
=> There is such a lot of rain that we can't go out.
8) The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy.
=> He is such a fat boy that every calls him Stuffy.
9) The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more.
=> It is such excellent milk that all the children want some more.
10) The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden.
=> It was such warm weather that they had a walk in the garden
11) There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him.
=> There were such a lot of people in the hall that we couldn't see him.
12) The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly.
=> It was such an exciting match that all the fans shouted loudly.
13) They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night.
=> They drunk such a lot of coffee that they couldn't sleep all night.
14) Alice had so many exercises to do that she couldn't go out.
=> Alice had such a lot of exercises to do that she couldn't go out.
15) The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help.
=> She was such a poor woman that she needed everyone's help.
Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu dùng TOO.....TO...
1) The weather is so bad that we can’t go out.
=> The weather is too..
2) The film was so boring that we couldn’t go on seeing it.
=> The film was too..
3) He was so old that he couldn’t run fast.
=> ) He was too..
4) He spoke so fast that we couldn’t understand him.
=> He spoke too..
5) The fair was so noisy that we couldn’t hear each other.
=> The fair was too.
6) You speak so fast that I can’t catch up with your words.
=> You speak too
7) It is so early that we can’t go out.
=> It is too..
8) The water is so hot that I can’t drink it.
=> The water is too
9) The restaurant is so expensive that we can’t eat in that restaurant.
=> The restaurant is too
10) He studied so badly that he couldn’t pass the exam.
=> He studied too.
Đáp án:
1) The weather is so bad that we can’t go out.
=> The weather is too bad for us to go out
2) The film was so boring that we couldn’t go on seeing it.
=> The film was too boring for us to go on seeing
Bỏ it vì giống chủ từ nhé !
3) He was so old that he couldn’t run fast.
=> He was too old to run fast
4) He spoke so fast that we couldn’t understand him.
=> He spoke too fast for us to understand
Bỏ him vì giống chủ từ nhé !
5) The fair was so noisy that we couldn’t hear each other.
=> The fair was too noisy for us to hear each other
câu này mình type thiếu động từ hear 
6) You speak so fast that I can’t catch up with your words.
=> You speak too fast for me to catch up with your words
7) It is so early that we can’t go out.
=> It is too early for us to go out
8) The water is so hot that I can’t drink it.
=> The water is too hot for me to drink
Bỏ it vì giống chủ từ nhé!
9) The restaurant is so expensive that we can’t eat in that restaurant.
=> The restaurant is too expensive for us to eat in 
Bỏ that restaurant vì giống chủ từ nhé ! (nhưng vẫn giữ giới từ in)
10) He studied so badly that he couldn’t pass the exam.
=> He studied too badly to pass the exam
Ôn thi vào lớp 10 môn tiếng Anh (phần 2)
CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH SANG QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN (VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI)
Dạng này có các mẫu sau đây , công thức thì không có nên mình chỉ đưa ra các ví dụ trong đó có các chổ tô màu là những dấu hiệu để nhận dạng ra công thức.
1. This is the first time I have seen him (đây là lần đầu tôi thấy anh ta)
=>I have never seen him before. (tôi chưa bao giờ thấy anh ta trước đây)
Mẫu này có dạng :
Đây là lần đầu tiên ... làm chuyện đó
=> ...chưa bao giờ làm chuyện đó trước đây.
The first time : lần đầu tiên
Never ...before : chưa bao giờ trước đây
2. I started / begun studying English 3 years ago. (tôi bắt đầu học TA cách đây 3 năm)
=> I have studied English for 3 years. (tôi học TA được 3 năm)
Mẫu này có dạng :
...bắt đầu làm gì đó cách đây + khoảng thời gian 
=> .. đã làm chuyện đó for + khoảng thời gian
Nếu không có ago mà có when + mệnh đề thì giử nguyên mệnh đề chỉ đổi when thành since thôi
3. I last saw him when I was a student. (lần cuồi cùng tôi thấy anh ta là khi tôi là SV) 
=> I haven't seen him since I was a student. (tôi đã không thấy anh ta từ khi tôi là SV) 
Mẫu này có dạng :
Lần cuối cùng làm chuyện đó là khi ....
=> ..không làm chuyện đó từ khi ....
Last : lần cuối 
Since : từ khi 
4. The last time she went out with him was two years ago.(lần cuối cô ta đi chơi với anh ta cách đây 2 năm )
=> She hasn't gone out with him for two years.( cô ta đã không đi chơi với anh ta đã 2 năm nay )
Tương tự mẫu 3 nhưng khác phần sau thôi
5. It's ten years since I last met him.(đã 10 năm từ khi tôi gặp anh ta lần cuối )
=> I haven't met him for ten years . ( tôi đã không gặp anh ta 10 năm rồi )
Mẫu này có dạng :
Đã ..khoảng thời gian từ khi làm gì đó lần cuối
=> ..không làm việc đó được + khoảng thời gian
6. When did you buy it ? ( bạn đã mua nó khi nào ?
=> How long have you bought ? ( bạn đã mua nó được bao lâu ? )
Mẫu này có dạng :
when : thì dùng quá khứ đơn 
How long : thì dùng hiện tại hoàn thành
Phần 3
Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1) Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well.
=> In spite of 
2) Mary could not go to school because she was sick.
=> Because of .
3) Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time.
=> Despite .
4) My mother told me to go to school although I was sick.
=> In spite of .
5) Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home.
=> Because of .
6) Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad.
=> Despite .
7) Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman.
=> Despite .
8) In spite of his god salary, Tom gave up his job.
=> Although.
9) Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.
=> In spite of 
10) In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies.
=> Even though 
Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1) Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well.
=> In spite of being a poor student, Tom studied very well
2) Mary could not go to school because she was sick.
=> Because of being sick,Mary couldn't go to school 
3) Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time.
=> Despite the bad weather,she went to school on time
4) My mother told me to go to school although I was sick.
=> In spite of my sickness,my mother told me to go to school
5) Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home.
=> Because of a big storm, I stayed at home
6) Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad.
=> Despite Tom's bad grade,he was admitted to the university
7) Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman.
=> Despite her physical handicap,she has become a successful woman
8) In spite of his good salary, Tom gave up his job.
=> Although Tom got a good salary, he gave up his job
9) Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.
=> In spite of having not finished the paper,he went to sleep
10) In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies.
=> Even though the prices are high, my daughter insists on going to the movies
Lưu ý :
- Despite không có of nhé !
- Khi 2 chủ từ giống nhau thì cứ việc sử dụng cách VING là nhanh gọn nhất 
VIẾT LẠI CÂU DÙNG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN : IF 
Trong chương trình lớp 9 chúng ta chỉ cần học câu điều kiện loại 1 và 2 mà thôi, công thức như sau:
LOẠI 1 :
Bên có IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn
Bên không có IF dùng tương lai đơn
LOẠI 2 :
Bên có IF dùng thì quá khứ đơn (thay was = were)
Bên không có IF dùng tương lai trong quá khứ (would + nguyên mẫu )
- Can/ could có thể thay thế will/ would
CÁCH CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU THƯỜNG SANG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN:
- Nếu câu đề là hiện tại - hiện tại / tương lai thì dùng loại 2 + phản nghĩa .
It is rainy. I can't go to school.
If ........
=> If it weren't rainy, I could go to school.
- Nếu câu đề là : tưong lai - tương lai thì dùng loại 1 (không phản nghĩa )
I will go to VT. I will buy you a present.
If ...
=> If I go to VT, I will buy you a present.
- Nếu câu đề là : Don’t V.or + mệnh đề thì viết lại là :
If you V (viết lại hết, bỏ or)
Don’t go out or you will get wet.
=> if you go out, you will get wet.
- Nếu câu đề là: V .or + mệnh đề thì viết lại là :
If you don’t V (viết lại hết, bỏ or)
Raise your hand or I will kill you.
=> If you don’t raise your hand, I will kill you.
Lưu ý :
Nếu trong câu có because , so (= that’s why) thì phải bỏ (đặt if vào chổ because , còn so (= that’s why) thì ngựoc lại )
1) He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.
=> If.
2) She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
If.
3) He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.
=> If.
4) He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
=> If.
5) She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.
=> If.
6) I will get a work permit. I will stay for another month.
=> If.
7) He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy
=> If.
8) We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change.
=> If.
9) Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
=> If.
10) Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
If.
1) He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.
=> If he didn’t have to study for his exam, he could go out.
2) She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
=> If she weren’t lazy, she could pass the exam.
3) He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.
=> If he pays me tonight, I will have enough money to buy a car.
4) He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
=> If he didn’t smoke too much, he could get rid of his cough.
5) She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.
=> If she weren’t shy, she would enjoy the party.
6) I will get a work permit. I will stay for another month.
=> If I get a work permit, I will stay for another month.
7) He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy
=> If he took some exercises. He would be healthy.
8) We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change.
=> If I had the right chance, we could get the ticket.
9) Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
=> If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass the exam.
10) Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
=> If you are impatient, you will make mistakes.
Ôn thi vào lớp 10 môn tiếng Anh (phần 4)
CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA SO SÁNH HƠN / BẰNG / NHẤT 
Để làm được phần này các bạn phải nắm vững công thức của các dạng so sánh tính từ /trạng từ.
Các dạng đề thường cho là :
1) A hơn B B không bằng A 
Nguyên tắc :
Nếu đề cho so sánh hơn thì ta đổi thành so sánh bằng + phủ định 
Ví dụ :
Tom is taller than Mary : Tom cao hơn Mary 
Mary is.....
=> Mary is not nottall as Tom : Mary không cao bằng Tom
2) không ai ... bằng A A là ...nhất
Nguyên tắc :
So sánh bằng => so sánh nhất 
Ví dụ :
No one in the class is as tall as Tom: không ai trong lớp cao bằng Tom
=> Tom is .....
=> Tom is the tallest in the class. Tom cao nhất lớp
Bài tập: Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa :
1) Nobody else in the class is fatter than Mary.
=> Mary is the .
2) I haven’t written as much as you.
=> You have written..
3) Tom’s hair was not as long as Mary’s.
=> Mary’s hair was.
4) No student in the school is noisier than I am.
=> I am the ..
5) The first film was not as interesting as this one.
=> This film was ..
6) This house is not so expensive as that one.
=> That house is the 
7) My dog ate more than your dog.
=> Your dog didn’t .
8) Volleyball is not as exciting as football.
=> Football is .
9) Tom isn’t as interested in movies as his father.
=> Tom’s father is .
10) Mary is the best cook in this class.
=> No one else .
Đáp án: 
1) Nobody else in the class is fatter than Mary.
=> Mary is the fattest in the class.
2) I haven’t written as much as you.
=> You have written more than I have/ me.
3) Tom’s hair was not as long as Mary’s.
=> Mary’s hair was longer than Tom's.
4) No student in the school is noisier than I am.
=> I am the noisiest student in the school.
5) The first film was not as interesting as this one.
=> This film was more interesting than the first one.
6) This house is not so expensive as that one.
=> That house is more expensive than this one.
7) My dog ate more than your dog.
=> Your dog didn’t eat as much as mine.
8) Volleyball is not as exciting as football.
=> Football is more exciting than volleyball.
9) Tom isn’t as interested in movies as his father.
=> Tom’s father is more interested in movies than him.
10) Mary is the best cook in this class.
=> No one else cooks better than Mary.
Ôn thi vào lớp 10 môn tiếng Anh (phần 5)
CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ DANH TỪ CHỈ NGƯỜI 
Các dạng đề thường cho là : S + V + ADV 
=> S +BE + (a/an) ADJ + N (người)
Cách làm :
- Đổi động từ thành danh từ chỉ người 
- Đổi trạng từ thành tính từ ,đem đặt trứoc danh từ
ví dụ :
Tom drives carefully. (Tom lái xe cẩn thận) 
=> Tom is..........
=> Tom is a careful driver. (Tom là một tài xế cẩn thận)
Một số cách đổi động từ thành danh từ chỉ nguời :
Thông thường chỉ việc thêm ER sau động từ, nhưng có một số ngoại lệ sau:
study => student
type => typist
cycle => cyclist
cook => cook (không dùng cooker nhé !)
play guitar => guitarist 
Nếu có động từ play + môn chơi thể thao thì đặt môn chơi trước chữ player:
play football => football player 
Bài tập
1) She cooks very well.
She is a .
2) My aunt teaches English very well.
=> My aunt is .
3) He cycles very slowly.
He is
4) He types carefully.
=> He is .
5) These children are quick runners.
=> These children can ..
6) My father plays soccer very well.
=> My father is a ..
7) I drive very badly.
=> I am a..
8) She sings very beautifully.
=> She is a
9) He works very hard.
=> He is..
10) Tom swims very fast.
Tom is 
Đáp án
1) She cooks very well.
She is a good cook
2) My aunt teaches English very well.
=> My aunt is a very good English teacher / very good teacher of English
3) He cycles very slowly.
He is a very slow cyclist.
4) He types carefully.
=> He is a careful typist.
5) These children are quick runners.
=> These children can run quickly.
6) My father plays soccer very well.
=> My father is a very good soccer player.
7) I drive very badly.
=> I am a very bad driver.
8) She sings very beautifully.
=> She is a good singer. (dùng beautiful tưởng nhầm là cố ấy đẹp)
9) He works very hard.
=> He is a very hard worker.
10) Tom swims very fast.
Tom is a very fast swimmer.