Tiếng Anh - Chuyên đề: Passive voice

CHUYÊN ĐỀ: PASSIVE VOICE
(THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)
TENSES
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Simple Present
S + V1-s/es + O
S + am / is / are + PP + by + O
Present continuous
S + am / is / are + V-ing + O 
S + am / is / are + being+PP+ by+O
Simple Past
S + V-ed /V2 + O
S + was / were + PP + by + O
Past continuous
S + was / were + V-ing + O
S + was / were +being+PP+by+O
Present Perfect
S + have / has + PP + O
S + have / has + been + PP + by + O
Past Perfect
S + had + PP + O
S + had + been + PP + BY + O
Simple Future
S + will + V1 + O
S + will + be + PP + BY + O
Modal verbs
S +
can
may
must 	 + be + V3 + O
should
S +
can
may
must + be + V3 + by +O
should
S +
have to 
used to + V1 + O
be going to
S +
have to 
used to + be + V3 + by +O
be going to
Ex:
1. John delivers the newspapers every morning.
 The newspapers are delivered by John every morning.
2. My mother wrote that letter.
 That letter was written by my mother.
3. They will build a new school here next month.
 A new school will be built here next month.
4. He is asking me a lot of questions.
 I am being asked a lot of questions.
5. She was doing her homework at that time.
 Her homework was being done at that time.
6. My mother has made that cake.
 That cake has been made by my mother.
7. They had prepared a party before we came.
 A party had been prepared before we came.
8. Sue is going to write the book
 The book is going to be written by Sue
9. You must finish this report
 This report must be finished 
*NOTES: LƯU Ý:
1. Khi chủ ngữ và túc từ trong câu chủ động là đại từ, ta phải thay đổi cho phù hợp.
Ex: The teacher punished me.
 Q I was punished by the teacher. 
2. Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: people, I, we, you, they, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anybodykhi đổi sang bị động thường được bỏ đi
Ex: They built this bridge last year.
Q This bridge was built last year (by them) 
3. Khi trong câu chủ động có 2 túc từ thì dùng tức từ nào làm chủ ngữ cũng được, tuy nhiên, túc từ chỉ người được sử dụng nhiều hơn.
Ex: My mother bought me a new shirt.
I was bought a new shirt by my mother.
A new shirt was bought for me by my mother.
4. Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là Noone/ noboby khi đổi sang bị động ta bỏ by noone/ nobody nhưng động từ phải đổi sang thể phủ định.
Ex: No one believes his story.
Q His story isn’t believed.
5. Vị trí của trạng từ.
­Trạng từ chỉ thể cách được đặt trứơc Past Participle.
Ex: I do my homework carefully.
Q My homework is carefully done.
­Trạng từ chỉ thời gian có thể đặt ở đầu câu hoặc sau by + O 
Ex: I lent him money yesterday.
Q He was lent money yesterday.
­ Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn được đặt trước by + O
Ex: Mary bought the gift from that shop.
Q the gift was bought from that shop by Mary.
6. Nếu trong câu chủ động có các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn thì đặt chúng trước : “ by + O bị động”
7. Nếu trong câu chủ động có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian thì đặt chúng sau : “ by + O bị động”
Eg: Nam did the test carefully at school this morning.
-> The test was carefully done at school by Nam this morning. 
8. Form: S + be+ Adv of manner+ PII + Adv of place + by agent + Adv of time
9.Nếu O trong câu bị động chủ sự vật sự việc thì ta dùng giới từ “ with” thay thế “ by” trước O ấy.
Eg: Smoke filled the room. -> The room was filled with smoke. 
Các V : ask, tell, give, send, show, teach, pay, offer, . Là các V thường có 2 O.
Các đk để có thể chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị đông:
Câu chủ động phải xác lập có đc O
Câu chủ động phải có ngoại V
III. MỘT SỐ DẠNG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT:
1. Verbs of opinion (Động từ chỉ ý kiến): 
say, think, believe, know, report, consider [kən'sidə], expect [iks'pekt], feel, hope [houp], know, understand
KINDS
FORMS
Active
S1 + V_S1 + that + S2 + V_S2 
Passive
It + be V3/ ed + that + S2 + V_S2 
S2 + be V3/ ed + to V(S2)
 to have V3/ ed
Ex. People say that he is a famous doctor.
 It is said that he is a famous doctor.
 He is said to be a famous doctor.
Ex People believe that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
 	It is believed that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
 	He is believed to have driven through the town at 90 km an hour.
2. Causative forms(Thể nhờ bảo): 
have, get
VERBS
KINDS
FORMS
Have
Active
S + have + O (person) + Vo + O (thing)
Passive
S + have + O (thing) + V3/ed
Get
Active
S + get + O (person) + to V + O (thing)
Passive
S + get + O (thing) + V3/ed
Ex: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
 I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
Ex: I get her to make some coffee.
 I get some coffee made.
3. Verbs of perception (Động từ chỉ giác quan): 
see, hear, watch, smell
 Active: S +see/ hear/ watch/ smell + O +Vo / V-ing
 Q Passive: S + be + seen/ heard/ watched/smelt + to Vo/ V-ing.
Ex: They saw the man run away / They saw the man running away
 Q The man was seen to run away / The man was seen running away
4.1 Với động từ make/ let + O + bare - infinitive 
Active: S + make + O + bare - infinitive
QPassive: S + be + made + to - infinitive.
Ex: Teacher make the students do a lot of homework.
 Q Students are made to do a lot of homework.
4.2 Với động từ make/ let + O + bare - infinitive 
Active: S + let + O + bare infinitive
QPassive: S + be + allowed + to - infinitive
Ex: She lets her son play computer games on Sunday afternoon.
 Q Her son is allowed to play computer games on Sunday afternoon.
5. Với động từ: want/ need
 Active: S + want/ need + to + V 
QPassive: S + want/need + V-ing/to be + V-ed/V3
Ex: He needs you to believe his ability.
 Q He needs to be believed his ability.( Chủ ngữ là người + to V_inf )
Ex: They need to repaint the house .
 Q The house needs repainting = The house needs to be repainted .
 ( Chủ ngữ là vật + V_ing /to V_inf )
6. Remember/ hate/ keep+ someone + V-ing.
 Active: S1 + Remember/ hate/ keep + someone + V-ing + O1_S1.
 QPassive: S1_O1 + Remember/ hate/ keep + being + P_2 + by + someone
Ex: I remember my mother taking me to school on the first day.
Q I remember being taken to school on the first day by my mother.
7. Imperative form (thể mệnh lệnh)
Active: Verb + object + adjunct 
Passive: Let + object + be + past participle + adjunct.
Ex1: Keep your hand clean
 Q Let your hand be kept clean.
Ex2: Don’t talk the secret to her.
 Q Don’t let the secret be talked to her.
8. It is your duty to do something Q You are supposed to do something (bổn phận của bạn là.)
Active: It’s your duty to do something
=>Passive voice: You are supposed to do something
Ex: It’s your duty to lock all the doors.
Q You are supposed to lock all the doors.
EXERCISE
I. Change the following sentences into the passive voice.
1. They grow rice in tropical countries.
→..
2. Mr. Green loves his children very much.
→ ..
3. People don’t speak French here.
→ .
4. Someone broke his windows last night.
→ ..
5. The police didn’t find the lost boy yesterday.
→ ..
6. About thirty million people are watching this live show now.
→ ..
7. They were carrying the injured player off the field at that time.
→ ..
8. Jack has typed the article recently.
→ ..
9. The police haven’t found the murderer yet.
→ ..
10. They were carrying the injured player off the field at that time.
→ ..
11. They had wrapped the package carefully before they posted it.
→ ..
12. Children should treat old men with respect.
→ ..
13. The computer can do all the accounts. 
→ ..
14. They are going to build a new school.
→ ..
15. He isn’t going to buy that house.
→ ..
16. They will pull down that building
→ ..
17. The teacher won’t correct the exercises tomorrow.
→ _
18. You have to keep dangerous chemicals in the safe place.
→ ..
19. Police had to break the meeting up. 
→ ..
20. They may use that room for the classroom.
→ ..
21. You must wash your hands.	
→ ..
22. They ought to knock down the old building.
→ .. 
23. You needn’t type that report today.
→ 
24. Nobody has used this room for ages.
→ ..
25. No one can solve that problem.
→ ..
26. No one told us the news.
→ ..
27. Paul didn’t tell me the ending of the story. 
→ ..
28. The teacher will give her a prize if she works well.
→ ..
29. Her mother bought her a doll last week.
→ ..
30. The police found the robber in the forest yesterday.
→ ..
31. They made him work all day.
→ ..
32. People don’t make the children work hard.
→ ..
33. They let him meet her family last month.
→ ..
34. He won’t let you do that silly thing again.
→ ..
35. People saw him steal your car.
→ ..
36. I have heard her sing this song several times.
→ ..
37. The teacher is watching them work.
→ ..
38. Alice had a mechanic repair her car.
→ ..
39. Ellen got Marvin to type her paper.
→ ..
40. The hairdresser is cutting Mary’s hair now.
→ Mary is having her hair 
→ Mary is having the hairdresser 
41. People know that English is an international language.
→ It is known 
→ English is known 
42. They said that she won the competition.
→ ..
→ ..
43. They reported that the President had suffered a heard attack.
→ ..
→ ..
44. They need to clean the windows
→ ..
→ ..
45. I would like to give Mary a nice present.
→ ..
46. Our teacher wants us to prepare our lessons carefully.
→ ..
47. It is your duty to lock all the doors.
→ ..
48. He suggested selling the radio
→ ..
49. Open your book, please!
→ ..
50. They advised enlarging the garden
→ ..
II.Read the sentences then write another sentences with the same meaning.
It is believe that the wanted man is living in New York.
- The wanted man..............................................................................................................
2. It is said that many people are homeless after the flood.
- Many people...................................................................................................................
3. It is known that the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law.
- The Prime Minister.......................................................................................................
4. It is expected that the government will lose the election.
- The government............................................................................................................
5. It is thought that the prisoner escaped climbing over the wall.
- The prisoner..................................................................................................................
6. It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen.
- The thieves....................................................................................................................
7. It is alleged that he drove through the town at 90 miles an hour.
- He................................................................................................................................ 
8. It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident.
- Two people...................................................................................................................
9. It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion.
- Three men.....................................................................................................................
10. It is said that he is 108 years old.
- He..................................................................................................................................
11. They rumored the man was still living.
- The man......................................................................................................................... 
12. They declared that she won the competition.
- She................................................................................................................................
13. People believed that13 is an unlucky number.
- Number 13...................................................................................................................
14. They saw that John is the brightest student in class.
- John..............................................................................................................................
15. People believed that the earth stood still.
- The earth......................................................................................................................
III. Wh – question:
11. When will you do the work?.......................................................................................................................?
12. How many days did she spend finishing the work?..................................................................................?
13. How do you spend this amount of money?................................................................................................?
14. What books are people reading this year?................................................................................................?
15. How did the police find the lost man?.......................................................................................................?
16. Who looked after the children for you?...................................................................................................?
17. How long have they waited for the doctor?..............................................................................................?
18. What time can the boys hand in their paper?...........................................................................................?
19. Why didn’t they help him?.........................................................................................................................?
20. Who are they keeping in the kitchen?.......................................................................................................?
IV..Sentences with verbs “continue and begin”.
21. We’ll continue to use this computer
22. They began to plant rubber trees in big plantation..
23. People can continue to enjoy natural resources.
24. People will continue to drink coca – cola in the 21st century
25. American people began to love football.
V. Sentences with phrasal verbs
26. They gave up the research after three hours..
27. Someone should look into the matter..
28. Don’t speak until someone speak to you.
29. A neighbor is looking after the children.
30. Your story brings back pleasant memories
VI. Sentences with verbs of perception: (giác quan)
31. I have heard her sing that song several times.
32. People saw him steal your car..
33. The teacher is watching them work.
34. He won’t let you do that silly thing again
35. People don’t make the children work hard.
36. They made him work all day
37. The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag...
...
38. The terrorists made the hostages lie down.
39. Police advise drivers to use an alternative route
40. She helps me do all these difficult exercises
 VII. Sentences with “advise, beg, order, urge [ə:dʒ]:thúc giục , agree, decide...”.
41. She advised me to sell that house.
42. They beg us to help them..
43. He orders us to clean the floor.
44. He recommends me to do the job.
45. She urged him to visit her parents as soon as possible..
7. Sentences of imperative:.
46. Open your book!...........................................................................................................................................
47. Take off your hat!.........................................................................................................................................
48. Don’t do that silly thing again!....................................................................................................................
49. Let tell them about it!...................................................................................................................................
50. Don’t let the other see you!].
VIII. Some special sentences:
51. It is dangerous for us to take the short cut.
52. You need to have you hair cut.
53. You must see it to believe it..
54. John wants someone to take some photographs.
55. We enjoy writing letter.
IX.Yes – No questions.
56. Do they teach English here?.......................................................................................................................?
57. Will you invite her to your wedding party?..............................................................................................?
58. Did the teacher give some exercise?...........................................................................................................?
59. Is she going to write a poem?.....................................................................................................................?
60. Have they changed the window of the laboratory?..................................................................................?
61. Is she making big cake for the party?........................................................................................................?
62.Has Tom finished the work?........................................................................................................................?
63. Are the police making inquires about the thief? ......................................................................................?
64. Must we finish the test before ten?.............................................................................................................?
65.Will buses bring the children home?..........................................................................................................?
66.They told me that you were the best architect in this city
67.She reported that the flowers were killed by frost..
68.Some people inform me that  the director is going to take a business trip to England.
..
69. That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week.
..
70. He discovered that  this cotton was grown in Egypt.
71. They promise that the performance will start on time..
72. He recommends that we should stay at the city center..
73. We believed that Alice would pass the driving test
74. The director notifies all the workers that they will have to work extra hard this month.
..
75. They have persuaded me that they will go with me to the stadium.
..
76. .They have decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend
...
77. .People think that Maradona is the best football player  in the 20th century.
...
78. They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her
79. The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train.
..
80 .He told me that his football team had played well last season
..
81. had my nephew paint the gate last week
82.She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow
83.They have her tell the story again
84.John gets his sister to clean his shirt.
85.Anne had had a friend type her composition...
86.Rick will have a barber cut his hair.
87.I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress
88.He had a mechanic repair his car.
89.She often gets the technician to maintain the heater...
90.They had the police arrest the shoplifter.
91.Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes?.........................................................................
92.I must have the dentist check my teeth
93.She will have a veterinary surgeon examine her dog.
94.We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer..
..
95.The Greens had a carpet cleaner clean their carpet...
...